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Structural and enzymatic characterization of a glycoside hydrolase family 31 alpha-xylosidase from Cellvibrio japonicus involved in xyloglucan saccharification

Lookup NU author(s): Emeritus Professor Harry Gilbert

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Abstract

The desire for improved methods of biomass conversion into fuels and feedstocks has re-awakened interest in the enzymology of plant cell wall degradation. The complex polysaccharide xyloglucan is abundant in plant matter, where it may account for up to 20% of the total primary cell wall carbohydrates. Despite this, few studies have focused on xyloglucan saccharification, which requires a consortium of enzymes including endo-xyloglucanases, alpha-xylosidases, beta-galactosidases and alpha-L-fucosidases, among others. In the present paper, we show the characterization of Xy131A, a key alpha-xylosidase in xyloglucan utilization by the model Gram-negative soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus. CjXy131A exhibits high regiospecificity for the hydrolysis of XGOs (xylogluco-oligosaccharides), with a particular preference for longer substrates. Crystallographic structures of both the apo enzyme and the trapped covalent 5-fluoro-beta-xylosyl-enzyme intermediate, together with docking studies with the XXXG heptasaccharide, revealed, for the first time in GH31 (glycoside hydrolase family 31), the importance of PA14 domain insert in the recognition of longer oligosaccharides by extension of the active-site pocket. The observation that CjXy131A was localized to the outer membrane provided support for a biological model of xyloglucan utilization by C. japonicas, in which XGOs generated by the action of a secreted endo-xyloglucanase are ultimately degraded in close proximity to the cell surface. Moreover, the present study diversifies the toolbox of glycosidases for the specific modification and saccharification of cell wall polymers for biotechnological applications.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Larsbrink J, Izumi A, Ibatullin FM, Nakhai A, Gilbert HJ, Davies GJ, Brumer H

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Biochemical Journal

Year: 2011

Volume: 436

Issue: 3

Pages: 567-580

Print publication date: 01/01/2011

ISSN (print): 0264-6021

ISSN (electronic): 1470-8728

Publisher: Portland Press Ltd

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BJ20110299

DOI: 10.1042/BJ20110299


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Funding

Funder referenceFunder name
KTH Advanced Carbohydrate Materials Consortium
European Union
Formas via Carbomat
Royal Society
Wallenberg Wood Science Center
BB/E001696/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
BB/I014802/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)

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