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B-Cell-Based and Soluble Biomarkers in Body Liquids for Predicting Acute/Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Rachel CrosslandORCiD, Professor Anne Dickinson

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).


Abstract

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the main curative therapy for hematological malignancy such as leukemias, lymphomas, or multiple myelomas and some other hematological disorders. In this therapy, cure of hematological diseases relies on graft-versus-malignancy effects by allogenic immune cells. However, severe posttransplant treatment-associated complications such as acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) limit this approach. Most research into GvHD has concentrated on the aGvHD, while the more complex and multifaceted chronic form has been largely poorly investigated. cGvHD is a multi-organ autoimmune disorder and is the major cause of non-relapse morbidity and mortality following allo-HSCT, occurring in about 50% of patients, or 13,000-15,000 patients per year worldwide. Therefore, there is a high medical need for an early prediction of these therapy-associated toxicities. Biomarkers have gained importance over the last decade in diagnosis, in prognosis, and in prediction of pending diseases or side effects. Biomarkers can be cells, factors isolated from target tissues, or soluble factors that can be detected in body fluids. In this review, we aim to summarize some of the recent developments of biomarkers in the field of allo-HSCT. We will focus on cell-based biomarkers (B-cell subsets) for cGvHD and soluble factors including microRNA (miRNA), which are excreted into serum/plasma and urine. We also discuss the potential role of cytosolic and extracellular 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) as potential biomarkers for aGvHD and their role in preclinical models. Proteomic biomarkers in the blood have been used as predictors of treatment responses in patients with aGvHD for many years. More recently, miRNAs have been found to serve as a biomarker to diagnose aGvHD in the plasma. Another development relates to urine-based biomarkers that are usually detected by capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. These biomarkers have the potential to predict the development of severe aGvHD (grades III-IV), overall mortality, and the pending development of cGvHD in patients posttransplant.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Juric MK, Shevtsov M, Mozes P, Ogonek J, Crossland RE, Dickinson AM, Greinix HT, Holler E, Weissinger EM, Multhoff G

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Year: 2017

Volume: 7

Online publication date: 16/01/2017

Acceptance date: 16/12/2016

Date deposited: 23/02/2017

ISSN (electronic): 1664-3224

Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation

URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00660

DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00660


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Funding

Funder referenceFunder name
DKTK-ROG
German Research Foundation (DFG)
Technische Universitat Munchen (TUM) within funding program Open Access Publishing
01GU0823BMBF
02NUK038ABMBF
FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN-315963European Union grant (CELLEUROPE)
SFB-824/2DFG
European Union grant FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN-315963

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