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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Dr Shaymaa Sadeq, Dr Suwalak Chitcharoen, Dr Surar Al-Hashimi, Ann Rattanaburi, John CasementORCiD, Dr Andreas Werner
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© 2024 by the authors.Endogenous double-stranded RNA has emerged as a potent stimulator of innate immunity. Under physiological conditions, endogenous dsRNA is maintained in the cell nucleus or the mitochondria; however, if protective mechanisms are breached, it leaches into the cytoplasm and triggers immune signaling pathways. Ectopic activation of innate immune pathways is associated with various diseases and senescence and can trigger apoptosis. Hereby, the level of cytoplasmic dsRNA is crucial. We have enriched dsRNA from two melanoma cell lines and primary dermal fibroblasts, including a competing probe, and analyzed the dsRNA transcriptome using RNA sequencing. There was a striking difference in read counts between the cell lines and the primary cells, and the effect was confirmed by northern blotting and immunocytochemistry. Both mitochondria (10–20%) and nuclear transcription (80–90%) contributed significantly to the dsRNA transcriptome. The mitochondrial contribution was lower in the cancer cells compared to fibroblasts. The expression of different transposable element families was comparable, suggesting a general up-regulation of transposable element expression rather than stimulation of a specific sub-family. Sequencing of the input control revealed minor differences in dsRNA processing pathways with an upregulation of oligoadenylate synthase and RNP125 that negatively regulates the dsRNA sensors RIG1 and MDA5. Moreover, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry confirmed the relatively minor adaptations to the hugely different dsRNA levels. As a consequence, these transformed cell lines are potentially less tolerant to interventions that increase the formation of endogenous dsRNA.
Author(s): Sadeq S, Chitcharoen S, Al-Hashimi S, Rattanaburi S, Casement J, Werner A
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Cells
Year: 2024
Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Online publication date: 25/01/2024
Acceptance date: 22/01/2024
Date deposited: 26/02/2024
ISSN (electronic): 2073-4409
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13030226
DOI: 10.3390/cells13030226
PubMed id: 38334619
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