Browse by author
Lookup NU author(s): Emeritus Professor Alan Craft
Full text for this publication is not currently held within this repository. Alternative links are provided below where available.
BACKGROUND. High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX)-induced renal dysfunction can be life threatening, because it delays methotrexate (MTX) excretion, thereby exacerbating the other toxicities of MTX HDMTX-induced nephrotoxicity has been managed with high-dose leucovorin, dialysis-based methods of MTX removal, thymidine, and with the recombinant enzyme, carboxypeptidase-G(2) (CPDG(2)), which cleaves MTX to inactive metabolites. The objectives of the current study were to estimate the current incidence of HDMTX-induced renal dysfunction in patients with osteosarcoma and to compare the efficacy and recovery of renal function for dialysis-based methods of MTX removal with treatment using CPDG(2). METHODS. The literature was reviewed for osteosarcoma trials, use of dialysis-based methods for MTX removal, and reports of MTX-induced nephrotoxicity, including information regarding recovery of renal function. Clinical trial databases of select osteosarcoma studies were reviewed. The efficacy of CPDG2 and renal recovery after CPDG2 rescue was obtained from the database of a compassionate-release trial. RESULTS. Approximately 1.8% of patients with osteosarcoma (68 of 3887 patients) who received HDMTX developed nephrotoxicity Grade greater than or equal to 2. The mortality rate among those patients was 4.4% (3 of 68 patients). Dialysis-based methods of MTX removal were used frequently but had limited effectiveness in removing MTX compared with the rapid reductions > 98% in plasma MTX concentrations achieved with CPDG(2). CPDG2 did not appear to increase the time to recovery of renal function compared with supportive treatment that included dialysis-based methods. CONCLUSIONS. HDMTX-induced renal dysfunction continues to occur in approximately 1.8% of patients with osteosarcoma who are treated on clinical protocols with optimal supportive care. For patients with delayed MTX excretion and high plasma MTX concentrations, CPDG2 should be considered over hemodialysis to lower plasma MTX concentrations rapidly and efficiently. Cancer 2004;100: 2222-32. (C) 2004 American Cancer Society.
Author(s): Widemann, B. C., Balis, F. M., Kempf-Bielack, B., Bielack, S., Pratt, C. B., Ferrari, S., Bacci, G., Craft, A. W., Adamson, P. C.
Publication type: Review
Publication status: Published
Journal: Cancer
Year: 2004
Volume: 100
Issue: 10
Pages: 2222-2232
ISSN (print): 0008-543X
ISSN (electronic): 1097-0142
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.20255
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.20255
PubMed id: 15139068
