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Dynamics of infectious disease transmission by inhalable respiratory droplets

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Yannis Drossinos

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Abstract

Transmission of respiratory infectious diseases in humans, for instance influenza, occurs by several modes. Respiratory droplets provide a vector of transmission of an infectious pathogen that may contribute to different transmission modes. An epidemiological model incorporating the dynamics of inhalable respiratory droplets is developed to assess their relevance in the infectious process. Inhalable respiratory droplets are divided into respirable droplets, with droplet diameter less than 10 mu m, and inspirable droplets, with diameter in the range 10-100 mu m: both droplet classes may be inhaled or settle. Droplet dynamics is determined by their physical properties (size), whereas population dynamics is determined by, among other parameters, the pathogen infectivity and the host contact rates. Three model influenza epidemic scenarios, mediated by different airborne or settled droplet classes, are analysed. The scenarios are distinguished by the characteristic times associated with breathing at contact and with hand-to-face contact. The scenarios suggest that airborne transmission, mediated by respirable droplets, provides the dominant transmission mode in middle and long-term epidemics, whereas inspirable droplets, be they airborne or settled, characterize short-term epidemics with high attack rates. The model neglects close-contact transmission by droplet sprays (direct projection onto facial mucous membranes), retaining close-contact transmission by inspirable droplets.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Stilianakis NI, Drossinos Y

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Journal of the Royal Society: Interface

Year: 2010

Volume: 7

Issue: 50

Pages: 1355-1366

Print publication date: 17/02/2010

ISSN (print): 1742-5689

ISSN (electronic): 1742-5662

Publisher: The Royal Society Publishing

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0026

DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0026

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