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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Erin McClymont, Dr Antoni Rosell-Mele
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mid-Pleistocene climate transition (MPT) is defined by the emergence of high amplitude, quasi-100 ka glacial-interglacial cycles from a prior regime of more subtle 41 ka cycles. This change in periodicity and amplitude cannot be explained by a change in 'external' astronomical forcing. Here, we review and integrate published records of sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) to assess whether a common global expression of the MPT in the surface ocean can be recognized, and examine our findings in light of mechanisms proposed to explain climate system reorganization across the MPT. We show that glacial-interglacial variability in SSTs is superimposed upon a longer-term cooling trend in oceanographic systems spanning the low-to high-latitudes. Regional variability exists in the timing of the onset and magnitude of cooling but, in most cases, a long-term cooling trend begins or intensifies from similar to 1.2 Ma (Marine Isotope Stage, MIS, 35-34). The SST cooling accompanies a long-term trend towards higher global ice volume as recorded in benthic foraminifera delta O-18, but predates a step-like increase in delta(18)Oat similar to 0.9 Ma (MIS 24-22) that is argued to reflect expansion of continental ice-sheets. The strongest expression of Pleistocene cooling is found during glacial stages, whereas minor or negligible trends in interglacial temperatures are identified. However, pronounced cooling during both glacial and interglacial maxima is evident at 0.9 Ma. Alongside the long-term SST cooling trends, quasi-100 ka cycles begin to emerge in both the SST and delta O-18 records at 1.2 Ma, and become dominant with the expansion of the ice-sheets at 0.9 Ma. We show that the intensified glacial-stage cooling is accompanied by evolving pCO(2), abyssal ocean ventilation, atmospheric circulation and/or dust inputs to the Southern Ocean. These changes in diverse environmental parameters suggest that glacial climate boundary conditions evolved across the MPT. In turn, these modified boundary conditions may have altered climate sensitivity to orbital forcing by placing pre-existing ice-sheets closer to some threshold of climate-ice sheet response. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Author(s): McClymont EL, Sosdian SM, Rosell-Mele A, Rosenthal Y
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Earth-Science Reviews
Year: 2013
Volume: 123
Pages: 173-193
Print publication date: 01/08/2013
Online publication date: 26/04/2013
Acceptance date: 19/04/2013
ISSN (print): 0012-8252
ISSN (electronic): 1872-6828
Publisher: Elsevier BV
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.04.006
DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.04.006
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