Browse by author
Lookup NU author(s): Dr Henrique De Paula LemosORCiD, Dr Lei HuangORCiD, Emeritus Professor Andrew MellorORCiD
Full text for this publication is not currently held within this repository. Alternative links are provided below where available.
DNA is immunogenic and many cells express cytosolic DNA sensors that activate the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) adaptor to trigger interferon type I (IFN-β) release, a potent immune activator. DNA sensing to induce IFN-β triggers host immunity to pathogens but constitutive DNA sensing can induce sustained IFN-β release that incites autoimmunity. Here, we focus on cytosolic DNA sensing via the STING/IFN-β pathway that regulates immune responses. Recent studies reveal that cytosolic DNA sensing via the STING/IFN-β pathway induces indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), which catabolizes tryptophan to suppress effector and helper T-cell responses and activate Foxp3-lineage CD4(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells. During homeostasis, and in some inflammatory settings, specialized innate immune cells in the spleen and lymph nodes may ingest and sense cytosolic DNA to reinforce tolerance that prevents autoimmunity. However, malignancies and pathogens may exploit DNA-induced regulatory responses to suppress natural and vaccine-induced immunity to malignant and infected cells. In this review, we discuss the biologic significance of regulatory responses to DNA and novel approaches to exploit DNA-induced immune responses for therapeutic benefit. The ability of DNA to drive tolerogenic or immunogenic responses highlights the need to evaluate immune responses to DNA in physiologic settings relevant to disease progression or therapy.
Author(s): Lemos H, Huang L, McGaha TL, Mellor AL
Publication type: Review
Publication status: Published
Journal: European Journal of Immunology
Year: 2014
Volume: 44
Issue: 10
Pages: 2847-2853
Print publication date: 03/10/2014
Online publication date: 25/08/2014
Acceptance date: 29/07/2014
ISSN (print): 0014-2980
ISSN (electronic): 1521-4141
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.201344407
DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344407
PubMed id: 25143264
