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Lookup NU author(s): Emeritus Professor Philip Home
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Aims: To examine the relationships between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and cardiovascular (CV) events in people beginning insulin in routine clinical practice in Europe, North America and Asia in a non-interventional study, the Cardiovascular Risk Evaluation in people with Type 2 Diabetes on Insulin Therapy (CREDIT) study.Methods: Data on 2999 people were collected prospectively over 4 years from physician reports. The primary outcome was the composite of stroke or myocardial infarction (MI) or CV-specific death. Events were blindly adjudicated. The relative hazards of CV events were described from Cox proportional hazards models incorporating patient risk factors, with updated average HbA1c as a time-dependent covariate. The relationship of severe and symptomatic hypoglycaemia (collected during the 6 months before yearly ascertainment) with CV and all-cause mortality was examined.Results: A total of 147 primary events were accrued during up to 54 months of follow-up. In all, 60 CV-specific deaths, 44 non-fatal MIs and 57 non-fatal strokes occurred, totalling 161 events. There was a significant positive relationship between updated mean HbA1c and primary outcome: hazard ratio (HR) 1.25 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-1.40; p < 0.0001]. CV death [HR 1.31 (95% CI 1.10-1.57); p = 0.0027] and stroke [HR 1.36 (95% CI 1.17-1.59); p < 0.0001] were both strongly associated with HbA1c, while MI was not [HR 1.05 (95% CI 0.83-1.32)]. One or more severe hypoglycaemic episodes affected 175 participants, while 1508 participants experienced one or more symptomatic hypoglycaemic events. We found no relationship between severe/symptomatic hypoglycaemic events and CV-specific/all-cause death.Conclusions: Ongoing poorer glucose control was associated with CV events; hypoglycaemia was not associated with CV-specific/all-cause death.
Author(s): Freemantle N, Danchin N, Calvi-Gries F, Vincent M, Home PD
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
Year: 2016
Volume: 18
Issue: 2
Pages: 152-158
Print publication date: 01/02/2016
Online publication date: 23/12/2015
Acceptance date: 23/10/2015
Date deposited: 11/04/2016
ISSN (print): 1462-8902
ISSN (electronic): 1463-1326
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dom.12598
DOI: 10.1111/dom.12598
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