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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Matthew Barter
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Objective: Dickkopf-3 (Dkk3) is a non-canonical member of the Dkk family of Wnt antagonists and its upregulation has been reported in microarray analysis of cartilage from mouse models of osteoarthritis (OA). In this study we assessed Dkk3 expression in human OA cartilage to ascertain its potential role in chondrocyte signaling and cartilage maintenance.Methods: Dkk3 expression was analysed in human adult OA cartilage and synovial tissues and during chondrogenesis of ATDC5 and human mesenchymal stem cells. The role of Dkk3 in cartilage maintenance was analysed by incubation of bovine and human cartilage explants with interleukin-1 beta (IL1 beta) and oncostatin-M (OSM). Dkk3 gene expression was measured in cartilage following murine hip avulsion. Whether Dkk3 influenced Wnt, TGF beta and activin cell signaling was assessed in primary human chondrocytes and SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells using qRT-PCR and luminescence assays.Results: Increased gene and protein levels of Dkk3 were detected in human OA cartilage, synovial tissue and synovial fluid. DKK3 gene expression was decreased during chondrogenesis of both ATDC5 cells and humans MSCs. Dkk3 inhibited IL1 beta and OSM-mediated proteoglycan loss from human and bovine cartilage explants and collagen loss from bovine cartilage explants. Cartilage DKK3 expression was decreased following hip avulsion injury. TGF beta signaling was enhanced by Dkk3 whilst Wnt3a and activin signaling were inhibited.Conclusions: We provide evidence that Dkk3 is upregulated in OA and may have a protective effect on cartilage integrity by preventing proteoglycan loss and helping to restore OA-relevant signaling pathway activity. Targeting Dkk3 may be a novel approach in the treatment of OA. (c) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd and Osteoarthritis Research Society International.
Author(s): Snelling SJB, Davidson RK, Swingler TE, Le LTT, Barter MJ, Culley KL, Price A, Carr AJ, Clark IM
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
Year: 2016
Volume: 24
Issue: 5
Pages: 883-891
Print publication date: 01/05/2016
Online publication date: 12/12/2015
Acceptance date: 24/11/2015
ISSN (print): 1063-4584
ISSN (electronic): 1522-9653
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2015.11.021
DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.11.021
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