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Evidence-based recommendations on the use of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in poisoning

Lookup NU author(s): Professor Simon ThomasORCiD

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Abstract

Background: Although intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) was first used to treat life-threatening local anesthetic (LA) toxicity, its use has expanded to include both non-local anesthetic (non-LA) poisoning and less severe manifestations of toxicity. A collaborative workgroup appraised the literature and provides evidence-based recommendations for the use of ILE in poisoning.Methods: Following a systematic review of the literature, data were summarized in four publications: LA and non-LA poisoning efficacy, adverse effects, and analytical, interferences. Twenty-two toxins or toxin categories and three clinical situations were selected for voting. Voting statements were proposed using a predetermined format. A two-round modified Delphi method was used to reach consensus on the voting statements. Disagreement was quantified using RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.Results: For the management of cardiac arrest, we recommend using ILE with bupivacaine toxicity, while our recommendations are neutral regarding its use for all other toxins. For the management of life-threatening toxicity, (1) as first line therapy, we suggest not to use ILE with toxicity from amitriptyline, non-lipid soluble beta receptor antagonists, bupropion, calcium channel blockers, cocaine, diphenhydramine, lamotrigine, malathion but are neutral for other toxins, (2) as part of treatment modalities, we suggest using ILE in bupivacaine toxicity if other therapies fail, but are neutral for other toxins, (3) if other therapies fail, we recommend ILE for bupivacaine toxicity and we suggest using ILE for toxicity due to other LAs, amitriptyline, and bupropion, but our recommendations are neutral for all other toxins. In the treatment of non-life-threatening toxicity, recommendations are variable according to the balance of expected risks and benefits for each toxin.For LA-toxicity we suggest the use of Intralipid (R) 20% as it is the formulation the most often reported. There is no evidence to support a recommendation for the best formulation of ILE for non-LAs. The voting panel is neutral regarding ILE dosing and infusion duration due to insufficient data for non-LAs. All recommendations were based on very low quality of evidence.Conclusion: Clinical recommendations regarding the use of ILE in poisoning were only possible in a small number of scenarios and were based mainly on very low quality of evidence, balance of expected risks and benefits, adverse effects, laboratory interferences as well as related costs and resources. The workgroup emphasizes that dose-finding and controlled studies reflecting human poisoning scenarios are required to advance knowledge of limitations, indications, adverse effects, effectiveness, and best regimen for ILE treatment.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Gosselin S, Hoegberg LCG, Hoffman RS, Graudins A, Stork CM, Thomas SHL, Stellpflug SJ, Hayes BD, Levine M, Morris M, Nesbitt-Miller A, Turgeon AF, Bailey B, Calello DP, Chuang R, Bania TC, Megarbane B, Bhalla A, Lavergne V

Publication type: Review

Publication status: Published

Journal: Clinical Toxicology

Year: 2016

Volume: 54

Issue: 10

Pages: 899-923

Print publication date: 01/12/2016

Online publication date: 08/09/2016

Acceptance date: 13/07/2016

ISSN (print): 1556-3650

ISSN (electronic): 1556-9519

Publisher: TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2016.1214275

DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1214275


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