Molecular pathways and animal models of d-transposition of the great arteries

Johnson, A-L; Bamforth, SD

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1883-2_36

Molecular pathways and animal models of d-transposition of the great arteries

Lookup NU author(s): Amy-Leigh Johnson, Dr Simon Bamforth ORCiD

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Abstract

© Springer-Verlag Wien 2016. During normal cardiovascular development, the outflow tract becomes septated and rotates so that the separate aorta and pulmonary trunk are correctly aligned with the left and right ventricles, respectively. However, when this process goes wrong, the aorta and pulmonary trunk are incorrectly positioned resulting in oxygenated blood being directly returned to the lungs, with deoxygenated blood being delivered to the systemic circulation. This is termed transposition of the great arteries (TGA). The precise etiology of TGA is not known, but the use of animal models has elucidated that genes involved in left–right determination of the embryonic body play key roles. Other factors such as retinoic acid levels are also crucial. This chapter reviews the animal models that can be manipulated genetically or with exogenous agents to present with TGA.