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Exome sequences versus sequential gene testing in the UK highly specialised Service for Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Lizzie Harris, Dr Ana TopfORCiD, Dr Rita Barresi, Dr Debbie Hicks, Dr Anna Porter, Dr Marta Bertoli, Dr Teresinha Evangelista, Dr Chiara Marini Bettolo, Emerita Professor Katherine Bushby, Professor Hanns Lochmuller, Professor Volker StraubORCiD

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).


Abstract

© 2017 The Author(s). Background: Limb girdle muscular dystrophies are a group of rare and genetically heterogeneous diseases that share proximal weakness as a common feature; however they are often lacking very specific phenotypic features to allow an accurate differential diagnosis based on the clinical signs only, limiting the diagnostic rate using phenotype driven genetic testing. Next generation sequencing provides an opportunity to obtain molecular diagnoses for undiagnosed patients, as well as identifying novel genetic causes of muscle diseases. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on 104 affected individuals from 75 families in who standard gene by gene testing had not yielded a diagnosis. For comparison we also evaluated the diagnostic rate using sequential gene by gene testing for 91 affected individuals from 84 families over a 2 year period. Results: Patients selected for WES had undergone more extensive prior testing than those undergoing standard genetic testing and on average had had 8 genes screened already. In this extensively investigated cohort WES identified the genetic diagnosis in 28 families (28/75, 37%), including the identification of the novel gene ZAK and two unpublished genes. WES of a single affected individual with sporadic disease yielded a diagnosis in 13/38 (34%) of cases. In comparison, conventional gene by gene testing provided a genetic diagnosis in 28/84 (33%) families. Titinopathies and collagen VI related dystrophy were the most frequent diagnoses made by WES. Reasons why mutations in known genes were not identified previously included atypical phenotypes, reassignment of pathogenicity of variants, and in one individual mosaicism for a COL6A1 mutation which was undetected by prior direct sequencing. Conclusion: WES was able to overcome many limitations of standard testing and achieved a higher rate of diagnosis than standard testing even in this cohort of extensively investigated patients. Earlier application of WES is therefore likely to yield an even higher diagnostic rate. We obtained a high diagnosis rate in simplex cases and therefore such individuals should be included in exome or genome sequencing projects. Disease due to somatic mosaicism may be increasingly recognised due to the increased sensitivity of next generation sequencing techniques to detect low level mosaicism.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Harris E, Topf A, Barresi R, Hudson J, Powell H, Tellez J, Hicks D, Porter A, Bertoli M, Evangelista T, Marini-Betollo C, Magnusson O, Lek M, MacArthur D, Bushby K, Lochmuller H, Straub V

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases

Year: 2017

Volume: 12

Issue: 151

Pages: -

Online publication date: 06/09/2017

Acceptance date: 22/08/2017

Date deposited: 09/10/2017

ISSN (electronic): 1750-1172

Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-017-0699-9

DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0699-9


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Funding

Funder referenceFunder name
98482
305,121
FP7/2007-2013
MC3/1072/3
G1002274
U54 HG003067

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