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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Richard Harbron, Professor Mark PearceORCiD
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A review was undertaken of studies reporting increased DNA damage in circulating blood cells and increased organ doses, for X-ray exposures enhanced by iodinated contrast media (ICM), compared to unenhanced imaging. This effect may be due to ICM molecules acting as a source of secondary radiation (Auger/photoelectrons, fluorescence X-rays) following absorption of primary X-ray photons. It is unclear if the reported increase in DNA damage to blood cells necessarily implies an increased risk of developing cancer. Upon ICM-enhancement, the attenuation properties of blood differ substantially from surrounding tissues. Increased energy deposition is likely to occur within very close proximity to ICM molecules (within a few tens of micrometres). Consequently, in many situations, damage and dose enhancement may be restricted to the blood and vessel wall only. Increased cancer risks may be possible, in cases where ICM molecules are given sufficient time to reach the capillary network and interstitial fluid at the time of exposure. In all situations, the extrapolation of blood cell damage to other tissues requires caution where contrast media are involved. Future research is needed to determine the impact of ICM on dose to cells outside the blood itself and vessel walls, and to determine the concentration of ICM in blood vessels and interstitial fluid at the time of exposure.
Author(s): Harbron R, Ainsbury EA, Bouffler SD, Tanner RJ, Eakins JS, Pearce MS
Publication type: Review
Publication status: Published
Journal: The British Journal of Radiology
Year: 2017
Volume: 90
Issue: 1079
Online publication date: 17/10/2017
Acceptance date: 07/08/2017
ISSN (print): 0007-1285
ISSN (electronic): 1748-880X
URL: https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20170028
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170028
PubMed id: 28830201
