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Objective: Two major etiological theories on psychopathy propose different mechanisms as to how emotional facial expressions are processed by individuals with elevated psychopathic traits. The Response Modulation Hypothesis (RMH) proposes that psychopathic individuals show emotional deficits as a consequence of attentional deployment, suggesting that emotional deficits are situation-specific. The Integrated Emotions System theory (IES) suggests that psychopathic individuals have a fundamental amygdala dysfunction which precludes adequate responsiveness to the distress of others.Methods: Participants performed a visual search task in which they had to find a male target face among two female distractor faces. Top-down attentional set was manipulated by having participants either respond to the face's orientation, or its emotional expression.Results: When emotion was task-relevant, the low-scoring psychopathy group showed attentional capture by happy and fearful distractor faces, whereas the elevated group showed capture by fearful, but not happy distractor faces.Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the RMH such that top-down attention influences the way emotional faces attract attention in individuals with elevated psychopathic traits. However, the different response patterns for happy and fearful faces suggest that top-down attention may not determine the processing of all types of emotional facial expressions in psychopathy.
Author(s): Munneke J, Hoppenbrouwers SS, Little B, Kooiman K, vanderBurg E, Theeuwes J
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Personality and Individual Differences
Year: 2018
Volume: 122
Pages: 134–139
Print publication date: 01/02/2018
Online publication date: 05/11/2017
Acceptance date: 16/10/2017
ISSN (print): 0191-8869
ISSN (electronic): 1873-3549
Publisher: Pergamon Press
URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.10.019
DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.10.019
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