Dendritic Cells and Dendritic Cell Subsets

Collin, M; Haniffa, M

doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-374279-7.03008-3

Dendritic Cells and Dendritic Cell Subsets

Lookup NU author(s): Professor Matthew Collin ORCiD, Professor Muzlifah Haniffa

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Abstract

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that may arise naturally from common DC progenitors in the bone marrow or develop from monocytes during inflammation. Migratory DCs arrive in lymph nodes (LNs) from the tissues, while LN-resident DCs are recruited from the blood. Langerhans cells (LCs) of the epidermis are a specialized population of tissue migratory DC. In addition to LCs, there are two main lineages of naturally occurring DCs, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and conventional DCs (cDCs). cDCs are split into a minor cDC1 population and a more numerous cDC2 population. Each subset has a specific role in immunity and directs immune responses to a pathogen in particular directions. pDCs release IFNα in response to viruses, cDC1 are adapted to cross-present viral and necrotic cell antigens, and cDC2 activate Th2 and Th17 responses to extracellular pathogens. Monocyte-derived DCs overlap in phenotype with cDC2 and are required to amplify cell-mediated responses to Leishmania and other organisms. The diversity of DC subsets contributes to the ability of the immune system to sense a wide range of challenges and to react with an appropriate response to maintain host defense.