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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Jochen Friedl, Matthäa Holland-Cunz, Faye Cording, Felix Pfanschilling, Dr Corinne Wills, Emeritus Professor William McFarlane, Professor Ulrich Stimming
This is the authors' accepted manuscript of an article that has been published in its final definitive form by Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018.
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© 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Electrochemical storage of energy is a necessary asset for the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power into a complete energy scenario. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are the only type of battery in which the energy content and the power output can be scaled independently, offering flexibility for applications such as load levelling. However, the prevailing technology, the all Vanadium system, comprises low energy and low power densities. In this study we investigate two polyoxometalates (POMs), [SiW12O40]4- and [PV14O42]9-, as nano-sized electron shuttles. We show that these POMs exhibit fast redox kinetics (electron transfer constant k0 ≈ 10-2 cm s-1 for [SiW12O40]4-), thereby enabling high power densities; in addition, they feature multi-electron transfer, realizing a high capacity per molecule; they do not cross cation exchange membranes, eliminating self-discharge through the separator; and they are chemically and electrochemically stable as shown by in situ NMR. In flow battery studies the theoretical capacity (10.7 A h L-1) could be achieved under operating conditions. The cell was cycled for 14 days with current densities in the range of 30 to 60 mA cm-2 (155 cycles). The Coulombic efficiency was 94% during cycling. Very small losses occurred due to residual oxygen in the system. The voltage efficiency (∼65% at 30 mA cm-2) was mainly affected by ohmic rather than kinetic losses. Pathways for further improvement are discussed.
Author(s): Friedl J, Holland-Cunz MV, Cording F, Pfanschilling FL, Wills C, McFarlane W, Schricker B, Fleck R, Wolfschmidt H, Stimming U
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Energy and Environmental Science
Year: 2018
Volume: 11
Issue: 10
Pages: 3010-3018
Print publication date: 01/10/2018
Online publication date: 28/07/2018
Acceptance date: 24/07/2018
Date deposited: 02/07/2019
ISSN (print): 1754-5692
ISSN (electronic): 1754-5706
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
URL: https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ee00422f
DOI: 10.1039/c8ee00422f
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