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A clinical prediction model for outcome and therapy delivery in transplant-ineligible patients with myeloma (UK Myeloma Research Alliance Risk Profile): a development and validation study

Lookup NU author(s): Professor Graham Jackson

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).


Abstract

© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Background: Tolerability of treatments for multiple myeloma can depend on the characteristics of the patient being treated. We aimed to develop and validate a risk profile, using routinely collected data, that could predict overall survival in patients with multiple myeloma who were ineligible for stem-cell transplantation. Methods: We used patient data from two randomised controlled trials done in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who were ineligible for stem-cell transplantation (the NCRI Myeloma XI study [NCRI-XI, n=1852] and the MRC Myeloma IX study [MRC-IX, n=520]), to develop the UK Myeloma Research Alliance Risk Profile (MRP) for overall survival. We used multivariable Cox regression with a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalty term. Multiple imputation by chained equations was used to account for missing data in the development and internal validation of the model. The MRP was internally validated in NCRI-XI and externally validated in MRC-IX. The D-statistic was estimated in the developed model and used to internally and externally validate the model according to prespecified criteria. Findings: The MRP included WHO performance status, International Staging System, age, and C-reactive protein concentration as prognostic variables. The MRP was prognostic of overall survival and was successfully internally validated in NCRI-XI and externally validated in MRC-IX (D-statistic NCRI-XI: 0·840 [95% CI 0·718–0·963] and MRC-IX: 0·654 [0·497–0·811]). The MRP groups defining low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk patients were associated with progression-free survival and early mortality. A decrease in the percentage of protocol dose delivered and quality of life at baseline were associated with increased risk. The MRP groups remained prognostic in patients exposed to different therapeutic combinations and in patients with genetic high-risk disease defined according to both the UK and International Myeloma Working Group definitions. Interpretation: We have developed and externally validated a risk profile for overall survival containing widely available clinical parameters. This risk profile could aid decision making in patients with multiple myeloma ineligible for stem-cell transplantation, but further external validation is required. Funding: Medical Research Council, Novartis, Schering Health Care, Chugai, Pharmion, Celgene, Ortho Biotech, Cancer Research UK, Celgene, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Amgen.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Cook G, Royle K-L, Pawlyn C, Hockaday A, Shah V, Kaiser MF, Brown SR, Gregory WM, Child JA, Davies FE, Morgan GJ, Cairns DA, Jackson GH

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: The Lancet Haematology

Year: 2019

Volume: 6

Issue: 3

Pages: e154-e166

Print publication date: 01/03/2019

Online publication date: 06/02/2019

Acceptance date: 02/04/2018

Date deposited: 05/03/2019

ISSN (electronic): 2352-3026

Publisher: The Lancet Publishing Group

URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(18)30220-5

DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3026(18)30220-5


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Funding

Funder referenceFunder name
C1298/A10410
G0100132

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