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Lookup NU author(s): Professor Tracy Palmer FRS FRSE FMedSciORCiD, Dr Alexander FinneyORCiD, Gary Atkinson, Professor Frank SargentORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
Gram-negative bacteria have evolved numerous pathways to secrete proteins across their complex cell envelopes. Here, we describe a protein secretion system which uses a holin membrane protein in tandem with a cell wall editing enzyme to mediate the secretion of substrate proteins from the periplasm to the cell exterior. The identity of the cell wall editing enzymes employed was found to vary across biological systems. For instance, the chitinase secretion pathway of Serratia marcescens uses an endopeptidase to facilitate secretion, whereas the secretion of Typhoid toxin in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi relies on a muramidase. Various families of holins are also predicted to be involved. Genomic analysis indicates that this pathway is conserved and implicated in the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes and toxins for a range of bacteria. The pairing of holins from different families with various types of peptidoglycan hydrolases suggests that this secretion pathway evolved multiple times. We suggest that the complementary bodies of evidence presented is sufficient to propose that the pathway be named the Type 10 Secretion System (TXSS). Potential mechanisms for secretion across the outer membrane are discussed.
Author(s): Palmer T, Finney A, Saha CK, Atkinson GC, Sargent F
Publication type: Review
Publication status: Published
Journal: Molecular Microbiology
Year: 2021
Volume: 115
Issue: 3
Pages: 345-355
Print publication date: 01/03/2021
Online publication date: 04/09/2020
Acceptance date: 26/08/2020
ISSN (print): 0950-382X
ISSN (electronic): 1365-2958
URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.14599
DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14599
