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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© Copyright © 2019 Oliver, Burrows, Donat, Sen Gupta, Alexander, Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Benthuysen, Hobday, Holbrook, Moore, Thomsen, Wernberg and Smale. Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are extreme climatic events in oceanic systems that can have devastating impacts on ecosystems, causing abrupt ecological changes and socioeconomic consequences. Several prominent MHWs have attracted scientific and public interest, and recent assessments have documented global and regional increases in their frequency. However, for proactive marine management, it is critical to understand how patterns might change in the future. Here, we estimate future changes in MHWs to the end of the 21st century, as simulated by the CMIP5 global climate model projections. Significant increases in MHW intensity and count of annual MHW days are projected to accelerate, with many parts of the ocean reaching a near-permanent MHW state by the late 21st century. The two greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios considered (Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 and 8.5) strongly affect the projected intensity of MHW events, the proportion of the globe exposed to permanent MHW states, and the occurrence of the most extreme MHW events. Comparison with simulations of a natural world, without anthropogenic forcing, indicate that these trends have emerged from the expected range of natural variability within the first half of the 21st century. This discrepancy implies a degree of “anthropogenic emergence,” with a departure from the natural MHW conditions that have previously shaped marine ecosystems for centuries or even millennia. Based on these projections we expect impacts on marine ecosystems to be widespread, significant and persistent through the 21st century.
Author(s): Oliver ECJ, Burrows MT, Donat MG, Sen Gupta A, Alexander LV, Perkins-Kirkpatrick SE, Benthuysen JA, Hobday AJ, Holbrook NJ, Moore PJ, Thomsen MS, Wernberg T, Smale DA
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Frontiers in Marine Science
Year: 2019
Volume: 6
Online publication date: 04/12/2019
Acceptance date: 11/11/2019
Date deposited: 10/12/2020
ISSN (electronic): 2296-7745
Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation
URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00734
DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00734
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