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Lookup NU author(s): Dr David Bourn, Professor Sir John BurnORCiD, Dr Richard Fisher, Alexander Henderson, Dr Tara Montgomery, Dr Miranda Splitt, Professor Volker StraubORCiD, Dr Michael Wright, Dr Simon Zwolinski
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© 2021, The Author(s).Over 130 X-linked genes have been robustly associated with developmental disorders, and X-linked causes have been hypothesised to underlie the higher developmental disorder rates in males. Here, we evaluate the burden of X-linked coding variation in 11,044 developmental disorder patients, and find a similar rate of X-linked causes in males and females (6.0% and 6.9%, respectively), indicating that such variants do not account for the 1.4-fold male bias. We develop an improved strategy to detect X-linked developmental disorders and identify 23 significant genes, all of which were previously known, consistent with our inference that the vast majority of the X-linked burden is in known developmental disorder-associated genes. Importantly, we estimate that, in male probands, only 13% of inherited rare missense variants in known developmental disorder-associated genes are likely to be pathogenic. Our results demonstrate that statistical analysis of large datasets can refine our understanding of modes of inheritance for individual X-linked disorders.
Author(s): Martin HC, Gardner EJ, Samocha KE, Kaplanis J, Akawi N, Sifrim A, Eberhardt RY, Tavares ALT, Neville MDC, Niemi MEK, Gallone G, McRae J, Borras S, Clark C, Dean J, Miedzybrodzka Z, Ross A, Tennant S, Dabir T, Donnelly D, Humphreys M, Magee A, McConnell V, McKee S, McNerlan S, Morrison PJ, Rea G, Stewart F, Cole T, Cooper N, Cooper-Charles L, Cox H, Islam L, Jarvis J, Keelagher R, Lim D, McMullan D, Morton J, Naik S, O'Driscoll M, Ong K-R, Osio D, Ragge N, Turton S, Vogt J, Williams D, Bodek S, Donaldson A, Hills A, Low K, Newbury-Ecob R, Norman AM, Roberts E, Scurr I, Smithson S, Tooley M, Abbs S, Armstrong R, Dunn C, Holden S, Park S-M, Paterson J, Raymond L, Reid E, Sandford R, Simonic I, Tischkowitz M, Woods G, Bradley L, Comerford J, Green A, Lynch S, McQuaid S, Mullaney B, Berg J, Goudie D, Mavrak E, McLean J, McWilliam C, Reavey E, Azam T, Cleary E, Jackson A, Lam W, Lampe A, Moore D, Porteous M, Baple E, Baptista J, Brewer C, Castle B, Kivuva E, Owens M, Rankin J, Shaw-Smith C, Turner C, Turnpenny P, Tysoe C, Bradley T, Davidson R, Gardiner C, Joss S, Kinning E, Longman C, McGowan R, Murday V, Pilz D, Tobias E, Whiteford M, Williams N, Barnicoat A, Clement E, Faravelli F, Hurst J, Jenkins L, Jones W, Kumar VKA, Lees M, Loughlin S, Male A, Morrogh D, Rosser E, Scott R, Wilson L, Beleza A, Deshpande C, Flinter F, Holder M, Irving M, Izatt L, Josifova D, Mohammed S, Molenda A, Robert L, Roworth W, Ruddy D, Ryten M, Yau S, Bennett C, Blyth M, Campbell J, Coates A, Dobbie A, Hewitt S, Hobson E, Jackson E, Jewell R, Kraus A, Prescott K, Sheridan E, Thomson J, Bradshaw K, Dixit A, Eason J, Haines R, Harrison R, Mutch S, Sarkar A, Searle C, Shannon N, Sharif A, Suri M, Vasudevan P, Canham N, Ellis I, Greenhalgh L, Howard E, Stinton V, Swale A, Weber A, Banka S, Breen C, Briggs T, Burkitt-Wright E, Chandler K, Clayton-Smith J, Donnai D, Douzgou S, Gaunt L, Jones E, Kerr B, Langley C, Metcalfe K, Smith A, Wright R, Bourn D, Burn J, Fisher R, Hellens S, Henderson A, Montgomery T, Splitt M, Straub V, Wright M, Zwolinski S, Allen Z, Bernhard B, Brady A, Brooks C, Busby L, Clowes V, Ghali N, Holder S, Ibitoye R, Wakeling E, Blair E, Carmichael J, Cilliers D, Clasper S, Gibbons R, Kini U, Lester T, Nemeth A, Poulton J, Price S, Shears D, Stewart H, Wilkie A, Albaba S, Baker D, Balasubramanian M, Johnson D, Parker M, Quarrell O, Stewart A, Willoughby J, Crosby C, Elmslie F, Homfray T, Jin H, Lahiri N, Mansour S, Marks K, McEntagart M, Saggar A, Tatton-Brown K, Butler R, Clarke A, Corrin S, Fry A, Kamath A, McCann E, Mugalaasi H, Pottinger C, Procter A, Sampson J, Sansbury F, Varghese V, Baralle D, Callaway A, Cassidy EJ, Daniels S, Douglas A, Foulds N, Hunt D, Kharbanda M, Lachlan K, Mercer C, Side L, Temple IK, Wellesley D, Wright CF, FitzPatrick DR, Firth HV, Hurles ME
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Nature Communications
Year: 2021
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Print publication date: 01/12/2021
Online publication date: 27/01/2021
Acceptance date: 08/12/2020
Date deposited: 26/03/2021
ISSN (electronic): 2041-1723
Publisher: Nature Research
URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20852-3
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20852-3
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