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Plastomes from tribe Plantagineae (Plantaginaceae) reveal infrageneric structural synapormorphies and localized hypermutation for Plantago and functional loss of ndh genes from Littorella

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Nicholas Levsen, Dr Kirsten Wolff

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND).

Abstract

Tribe Plantagineae (Plantaginaceae) comprises ~270 species in three currently recognized genera (Aragoa, Littorella, Plantago), of which Plantago is most speciose. Plantago plastomes exhibit several atypical features including large inversions, expansions of the inverted repeat, increased repetitiveness, intron losses, and gene-specific increases in substitution rate, but the prevalence of these plastid features among species and subgenera are unknown. To assess phylogenetic relationships and plastomic evolutionary dynamics among Plantagineae genera and Plantago subgenera, we generated 25 complete plastome sequences and compared them with existing plastome sequences across Plantaginaceae. Using whole plastome and partitioned alignments, our phylogenomic analyses provided strong support for relationships among major Plantagineae lineages. General plastid features—including genome size, GC content, intron content, and indels—provided additional support that reinforced major Plantagineae subdivisions. Plastomes from Plantago subgenera Plantago and Coronopus have synapomorphic expansions and inversions affecting the size and gene order of the inverted repeats, and particular genes near the inversion breakpoints exhibit accelerated nucleotide substitution rates, suggesting localized hypermutation associated with rearrangements. The Littorella plastome lacks functional copies of ndh genes, which may be related to an amphibious lifestyle and partial reliance on CAM photosynthesis.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Mower JP, Guo W, Partha R, Fan W, Levsen N, Wolff K, Nugent JM, Pabón-Mora N, González F

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

Year: 2021

Volume: 162

Print publication date: 01/09/2021

Online publication date: 01/06/2021

Acceptance date: 27/05/2021

Date deposited: 09/06/2021

ISSN (print): 1055-7903

ISSN (electronic): 1095-9513

Publisher: Elsevier

URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107217

DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107217

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