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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Will Smith, Professor Stuart DunningORCiD, Professor Neil RossORCiD, Dr Jon Telling
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
The frequency of large supraglacial landslides (rock avalanches) occurring in glacial environments is thought to be increasing due to feedbacks with climate warming and permafrost degradation. However, it is difficult to (i) test this; (ii) establish cause–effect relationships; and (iii) determine associated lag-times, due to both temporal and spatial biases in detection rates. Here we applied the Google Earth Engine supraglacial debris input detector (GERALDINE) to Glacier Bay National Park & Preserve (GLBA), Alaska. We find that the number of rock avalanches (RAs) has previously been underestimated by 53 %, with a bias in past detections towards large area RAs. In total, GLBA experienced 69 RAs during 1984–2020, with the highest frequency in the last three years. Of these, 58 % were deposited into the accumulation zone and then sequestered into the ice within two years. RA sources clustered spatially at high elevations and around certain peaks and ridges, predominantly at the boundary of modelled permafrost likelihood. They also clustered temporally, occurring mainly between May and September when air temperatures were high enough to initiate rock-permafrost degradation mechanisms. There was a chronic background debris supply from RAs, with at least one RA occurring in all but nine years; however, a debris rich period during 2012–2016 was driven by three large RAs delivering 44 % of all (1984–2020) debris (by area). Comparable investigation of slope-failures in other remote currently glaciated regions is lacking. If RA rates are similar elsewhere, especially the bias towards emplacement onto/into accumulation zones, their contribution to glacial sediment budgets has been globally underestimated.
Author(s): Smith WD, Dunning SA, Ross N, Telling J, Jensen EK, Shugar DH, Coe JA, Geertsema M
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Geomorphology
Year: 2023
Volume: 425
Online publication date: 24/01/2023
Acceptance date: 16/01/2023
Date deposited: 27/01/2023
ISSN (print): 0169-555X
ISSN (electronic): 1872-695X
Publisher: Elsevier
URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2023.108591
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2023.108591
Data Access Statement: The code used to generate is hosted Open Access on Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3524414
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