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Lookup NU author(s): Professor Rachel CooperORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Bones’ shapes and structures adapt to the muscle and reaction forces they experience during everyday movements. Onset of independent walking, at approximately 12 months, represents the first postnatal exposure of the lower limbs to the large forces associated with bipedal movements; accordingly, earlier walking is associated with greater bone strength. However, associations between early life loading and joint shape have not been explored. We therefore examined associations between walking age and hip shape at age 60 to 64 years in 1423 individuals (740 women) from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, a nationally representative British birth cohort. Walking age in months was obtained from maternal interview at age 2 years. Ten modes of variation in hip shape (HM1 to HM10), described by statistical shape models, were ascertained from DXA images. In sex-adjusted analyses, earlier walking age was associated with higher HM1 and HM7 scores; these associations were maintained after further adjustment for height, body composition, and socioeconomic position. Earlier walking was also associated with lower HM2 scores in women only, and lower HM4 scores in men only. Taken together, this suggests that earlier walkers have proportionately larger (HM4) and flatter (HM1, HM4) femoral heads, wider (HM1, HM4, HM7) and flatter (HM1, HM7) femoral necks, a smaller neck-shaft angle (HM1, HM4), anteversion (HM2, HM7), and early development of osteophytes (HM1). These results suggest that age at onset of walking in infancy is associated with variations in hip shape in older age. Early walkers have a larger femoral head and neck and smaller neck-shaft angle; these features are associated with reduced hip fracture risk, but also represent an osteoarthritic-like phenotype. Unlike results of previous studies of walking age and bone mass, associations in this study were not affected by adjustment for lean mass, suggesting that associations may relate directly to skeletal loading in early life when joint shape changes rapidly. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Author(s): Ireland A, Saunders FR, Muthuri SG, Pavlova AV, Hardy RJ, Martin KR, Barr RJ, Adams JE, Kuh D, Aspden RM, Gregory JS, Cooper R
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Year: 2019
Volume: 34
Issue: 3
Pages: 455-463
Print publication date: 01/03/2019
Online publication date: 29/11/2019
Acceptance date: 06/10/2018
Date deposited: 17/01/2022
ISSN (print): 0884-0431
ISSN (electronic): 1523-4681
Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
URL: . https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3627
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3627
PubMed id: 30496618
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