Toggle Main Menu Toggle Search

Open Access padlockePrints

How much does school matter for children’s cognitive and non-cognitive learning? Findings from a natural experiment in Pakistan and India

Lookup NU author(s): Professor Pauline DixonORCiD

Downloads

Full text for this publication is not currently held within this repository. Alternative links are provided below where available.


Abstract

This paper reports on the findings of a natural experiment based on a sample of 1,123 children aged 4 to 8 from the Punjab province in Pakistan, and Gujarat in India. It looks at the impact of attendance (or not) in early schooling on the cognitive and social-emotional development of young children. The role of school attendance was assessed over one year. Children and their families were tested twice, in or near their village homes. The study confirmed that all children progressed in learning regardless of school attendance. The overall impact of schooling is clear but relatively small. Children who attended school over the year gained in numeracy and especially in social and emotional learning, which appear to be harder than literacy to pick up outside school. Parents and children offered a range of reasons for non-attendance, including safety at home for girls, economic necessity, and a perception that school will not matter for their child’s envisaged future. The study therefore raises a variety of issues for central and local governments to address if they want to create a school system suitable for all citizens


Publication metadata

Author(s): Siddiqui N, Gorard S, Bulsari S, See BH, Dixon P, Saeed S, Safaraz H, Pandya K

Publication type: Article

Publication status: In Press

Journal: British Educational Research Journal

Year: 2025

Acceptance date: 13/02/2025

ISSN (print): 0141-1926

ISSN (electronic): 1469-3518

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.


Share