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Relationship Between Maximal Left Ventricular Wall Thickness and Sudden Cardiac Death in Childhood Onset Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Zdenka Reinhardt

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).


Abstract

BACKGROUND: Maximal left ventricular wall thickness (MLVWT) is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In adults, the severity of left ventricular hypertrophy has a nonlinear relationship with SCD, but it is not known whether the same complex relationship is seen in childhood. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy and SCD risk in a large international pediatric HCM cohort. METHODS: The study cohort comprised 1075 children (mean age, 10.2 years [±4.4]) diagnosed with HCM (1-16 years) from the International Paediatric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Consortium. Anonymized, noninvasive clinical data were collected from baseline evaluation and follow-up, and 5-year estimated SCD risk was calculated (HCM Risk-Kids). RESULTS: MLVWT Z score was <10 in 598 (58.1%), ≥10 to <20 in 334 (31.1%), and ≥20 in 143 (13.3%). Higher MLVWT Z scores were associated with heart failure symptoms, unexplained syncope, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, left atrial dilatation, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. One hundred twenty-two patients (71.3%) with MLVWT Z score ≥20 had coexisting risk factors for SCD. Over a median follow-up of 4.9 years (interquartile range, 2.3-9.3), 115 (10.7%) had an SCD event. Freedom from SCD event at 5 years for those with MLVWT Z scores <10, ≥10 to <20, and ≥20 was 95.6%, 87.4%, and 86.0, respectively. The estimated SCD risk at 5 years had a nonlinear, inverted U-shaped relationship with MLVWT Z score, peaking at Z score +23. The presence of coexisting risk factors had a summative effect on risk. CONCLUSIONS: In children with HCM, an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between left ventricular hypertrophy and estimated SCD risk. The presence of additional risk factors has a summative effect on risk. While MLVWT is important for risk stratification, it should not be used either as a binary variable or in isolation to guide implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation decisions in children with HCM.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Norrish G, Ding T, Field E, Cervi E, Ziolkowska L, Olivotto I, Khraiche D, Limongelli G, Anastasakis A, Weintraub R, Biagini E, Ragni L, Prendiville T, Duignan S, McLeod K, Ilina M, Fernandez A, Marrone C, Bokenkamp R, Baban A, Kubus P, Daubeney PEF, Sarquella-Brugada G, Cesar S, Klaassen S, Ojala TH, Bhole V, Medrano C, Uzun O, Brown E, Gran F, Sinagra G, Castro FJ, Stuart G, Vignati G, Yamazawa H, Barriales-Villa R, Garcia-Guereta L, Adwani S, Linter K, Bharucha T, Garcia-Pavia P, Siles A, Rasmussen TB, Calcagnino M, Jones CB, De Wilde H, Kubo T, Felice T, Popoiu A, Mogensen J, Mathur S, Centeno F, Reinhardt Z, Schouvey S, O'Mahony C, Omar RZ, Elliott PM, Kaski JP

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology

Year: 2022

Volume: 15

Issue: 5

Online publication date: 02/05/2022

Acceptance date: 23/02/2022

Date deposited: 09/06/2022

ISSN (print): 1941-3149

ISSN (electronic): 1941-3084

Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

URL: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.121.010075

DOI: 10.1161/CIRCEP.121.010075

PubMed id: 35491873


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Funding

Funder referenceFunder name
Foundation for Paediatric Research, Finland
FS/16/72/32270
NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre

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