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Biallelic variants in TTC21B as a rare cause of early-onset arterial hypertension and tubuloglomerular kidney disease

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Eric OlingerORCiD, Sarah Orr, Dr Holly Mabillard, Dr Yincent TseORCiD, Dr Katrina Wood, Professor John SayerORCiD

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).


Abstract

© 2022 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Monogenic disorders of the kidney typically affect either the glomerular or tubulointerstitial compartment producing a distinct set of clinical phenotypes. Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), for instance, is characterized by glomerular scarring with proteinuria and hypertension while nephronophthisis (NPHP) is associated with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, salt wasting, and low- to normal blood pressure. For both diseases, an expanding number of non-overlapping genes with roles in glomerular filtration or primary cilium homeostasis, respectively, have been identified. TTC21B, encoding IFT139, however has been associated with disorders of both the glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartment, and linked with defective podocyte cytoskeleton and ciliary transport, respectively. Starting from a case report of extreme early-onset hypertension, proteinuria, and progressive kidney disease, as well as data from the Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project, we illustrate here the difficulties in assigning this mixed phenotype to the correct genetic diagnosis. Careful literature review supports the notion that biallelic, often hypomorph, missense variants in TTC21B are commonly associated with early-onset hypertension and histological features of both FSGS and NPHP. Increased clinical recognition of this mixed glomerular and tubulointerstitial disease with often mild or absent features of a typical ciliopathy as well as inclusion of TTC21B on gene panels for early-onset arterial hypertension might shorten the diagnostic odyssey for patients affected by this rare tubuloglomerular kidney disease.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Olinger E, Phakdeekitcharoen P, Caliskan Y, Orr S, Mabillard H, Pickles C, Tse Y, Wood K, Sayer JA

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics

Year: 2022

Volume: 190

Issue: 1

Pages: 109-120

Online publication date: 15/03/2022

Acceptance date: 01/03/2022

Date deposited: 03/08/2022

ISSN (print): 1552-4868

ISSN (electronic): 1552-4876

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc

URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31964

DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31964


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Funding

Funder referenceFunder name
MRC
P2ZHP3_1951
P500PB_20685
Paed_RP_001_20180925Kidney Research UK (was National Kidney Research Fund)
NorthernCounties Kidney Research Fund

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