The Conclusions: The Changing and Unchanging State

Capano, G; Zito, AR; Toth, F; Rayner, J

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07457-8_8

The Conclusions: The Changing and Unchanging State

Lookup NU author(s): Professor Anthony Zito

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Abstract

© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.This chapter is the concluding chapter of the book. It first assesses the impact of neoliberalism on how States wield policy instruments and govern. The chapter emphasizes the need for nuance in understanding the substantial influence that neoliberalism has played as well as the continued importance of the State steering society. It then reflects on the importance of certain variables laid out in Chap. 1, in particular noting the importance of elections and institutions in shaping the state trajectory. The chapter builds on this analysis to assess the role of critical junctures and particular variables in shifting the policy sequences. It finishes by reflecting on the future of the State and proposing a future comparative public policy research agenda.