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Extending the energy-power balance of Li-ion batteries using graded electrodes with precise spatial control of local composition

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Chuan ChengORCiD

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

Abstract

Commercial Li-ion cell electrodes comprise a random mix of the constituent materials largely unchanged for more than three decades. During fast charge/discharge, electrode-scale Li-ion concentration gradients develop, along with a spatially heterogeneous distribution of overpotential, utilization and degradation of active material, which ultimately restricts the range of realizable energy-power combinations. We expand energy-power characteristics and reduce cell degradation rate using electrodes that are compositionally graded at the microscale to homogenize active material utilization. Trapezoidal-graded composition LiFePO₄ cathodes, enabled by a layer-by-layer deposition technique, are compared with conventional electrodes: at an energy density of 500 Wh L⁻¹ the best graded electrode design increased power density from approximately 100 W L⁻¹ to 630 W L⁻¹, while at a power density of 300 W L⁻¹, the energy density increased from approximately 420 Wh L⁻¹ to 600 Wh L⁻¹. The results highlight the potential for new manufacturing approaches and electrode designs to provide performance enhancements for existing and future Li ion battery chemistries.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Cheng C, Drummond R, Duncan SR, Grant PS

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Journal of Power Sources

Year: 2022

Volume: 542

Print publication date: 15/09/2022

Online publication date: 23/06/2022

Acceptance date: 14/06/2022

Date deposited: 17/02/2023

ISSN (print): 0378-7753

ISSN (electronic): 1873-2755

Publisher: Elsevier BV

URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231758

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231758

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