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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Louise Callard
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© 2023 James A. Smith et al.Nioghalvfjerdsbrae, or 79°N Glacier, is the largest marine-terminating glacier draining the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS). In recent years, its ∼70 km long fringing ice shelf (hereafter referred to as the 79°N ice shelf) has thinned, and a number of small calving events highlight its sensitivity to climate warming. With the continued retreat of the 79°N ice shelf and the potential for accelerated discharge from NEGIS, which drains 16 % of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), it has become increasingly important to understand the long-term history of the ice shelf in order to put the recent changes into perspective and to judge their long-term significance. Here, we reconstruct the Holocene dynamics of the 79°N ice shelf by combining radiocarbon dating of marine molluscs from isostatically uplifted glaciomarine sediments with a multi-proxy investigation of two sediment cores recovered from Blåsø, a large epishelf lake 2-13 km from the current grounding line of 79°N Glacier. Our reconstructions suggest that the ice shelf retreated between 8.5 and 4.4 kacalBP, which is consistent with previous work charting grounding line and ice shelf retreat to the coast as well as open marine conditions in Nioghalvfjerdsbrae. Ice shelf retreat followed a period of enhanced atmospheric and ocean warming in the Early Holocene. Based on our detailed sedimentological, microfaunal, and biomarker evidence, the ice shelf reformed at Blåsø after 4.4 kacalBP, reaching a thickness similar to present by 4.0 kacalBP. Reformation of the ice shelf coincides with decreasing atmospheric temperatures, the increased dominance of Polar Water, a reduction in Atlantic Water, and (near-)perennial sea-ice cover on the adjacent continental shelf. Along with available climate archives, our data indicate that the 79°N ice shelf is susceptible to collapse at mean atmospheric and ocean temperatures ∼2 °C warmer than present, which could be achieved by the middle of this century under some emission scenarios. Finally, the presence of "marine"markers in the uppermost part of the Blåsø sediment cores could record modern ice shelf thinning, although the significance and precise timing of these changes requires further work.
Author(s): Smith JA, Callard L, Bentley MJ, Jamieson SSR, Sanchez-Montes ML, Lane TP, Lloyd JM, McClymont EL, Darvill CM, Rea BR, O'Cofaigh C, Gulliver P, Ehrmann W, Jones RS, Roberts DH
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Cryosphere
Year: 2023
Volume: 17
Issue: 3
Pages: 1247-1270
Print publication date: 01/03/2023
Online publication date: 15/03/2023
Acceptance date: 04/02/2023
Date deposited: 04/04/2023
ISSN (print): 1994-0416
ISSN (electronic): 1994-0424
Publisher: Copernicus Publications
URL: https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1247-2023
DOI: 10.5194/tc-17-1247-2023
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