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Lookup NU author(s): Professor Jonathon Chambers
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© 2023 by the authors.Success in student learning is the primary aim of the educational system. Artificial intelligence utilizes data and machine learning to achieve excellence in student learning. In this paper, we exploit several machine learning techniques to estimate early student performance. Two main simulations are used for the evaluation. The first simulation used the Traditional Machine Learning Classifiers (TMLCs) applied to the House dataset, and they are Gaussian Naïve Bayes (GNB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Random Forest (RF), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA). The best results were achieved with the MLP classifier with a division of 80% training and 20% testing, with an accuracy of 88.89%. The fusion of these seven classifiers was also applied and the highest result was equal to the MLP. Moreover, in the second simulation, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was utilized and evaluated on five main datasets, namely, House, Western Ontario University (WOU), Experience Application Programming Interface (XAPI), University of California-Irvine (UCI), and Analytics Vidhya (AV). The UCI dataset was subdivided into three datasets, namely, UCI-Math, UCI-Por, and UCI-Fused. Moreover, the AV dataset has three targets which are Math, Reading, and Writing. The best accuracy results were achieved at 97.5%, 99.55%, 98.57%, 99.28%, 99.40%, 99.67%, 92.93%, 96.99%, and 96.84% for the House, WOU, XAPI, UCI-Math, UCI-Por, UCI-Fused, AV-Math, AV-Reading, and AV-Writing datasets, respectively, under the same protocol of evaluation. The system demonstrates that the proposed CNN-based method surpasses all seven conventional methods and other state-of-the-art-work.
Author(s): Mohammad AS, Al-Kaltakchi MTS, Alshehabi Al-Ani J, Chambers JA
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Mathematics
Year: 2023
Volume: 11
Issue: 14
Print publication date: 01/07/2023
Online publication date: 18/07/2023
Acceptance date: 17/07/2023
Date deposited: 12/09/2023
ISSN (electronic): 2227-7390
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/math11143153
DOI: 10.3390/math11143153
Data Access Statement: Our house data information and the link for it are exist in Section 4.1 and the ethical and privacy restrictions were taken into consideration.
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