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Lookup NU author(s): Vasileios AngelidakisORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
Multiple software frameworks based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) are available for simulating granular materials. All of them employ the same principles of explicit time integration, with each time step consisting of three main steps: contact detection, calculation of interactions, and integration of the equations of motion. However, there exist significant algorithmic differences, such as the choice of contact models, particle and wall shapes, and data analysis methods. Further differences can be observed in the practical implementation, including data structures, architecture, parallelization and domain decomposition techniques, user interaction, and the documentation of resources.This study compares, verifies, and benchmarks nine widely-used software frameworks. Only open-source packages were considered, as these are freely available and their underlying algorithms can be reviewed, edited, and tested. The benchmark consists of three common bulk processes: silo emptying, drum mixing, and particle impact. To keep it simple and comparable, only standard features were used, such as spherical particles and the Hertz-Mindlin model for dry contacts. Scripts for running the benchmarks in each software are provided as a dataset.
Author(s): Dosta M, Andre D, Angelidakis V, Caulk RA, Celigueta MA, Chareyre B, Dietiker JF, Girardot J, Govender N, Hubert C, Kobylka R, Moura AF, Skorych V, Weatherley DK, Weinhart T
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Computer Physics Communications
Year: 2024
Volume: 296
Online publication date: 19/12/2023
Acceptance date: 13/12/2023
Date deposited: 02/01/2024
ISSN (electronic): 0010-4655
Publisher: Elsevier
URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2023.109066
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpc.2023.109066
Data Access Statement: The scripts for running the benchmarks in each software are available as a dataset at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8252892, so the reader can perform the test on their own hardware, and compare the results and performance with other codes that are not part of this study
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