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Arteriolar neuropathology in cerebral microvascular disease

Lookup NU author(s): Professor Raj KalariaORCiD

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

Abstract

© 2022 The Authors. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Neuropathological Society. Cerebral microvascular disease (MVD) is an important cause of vascular cognitive impairment. MVD is heterogeneous in aetiology, ranging from universal ageing to the sporadic (hypertension, sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy [CAA] and chronic kidney disease) and the genetic (e.g., familial CAA, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy [CADASIL] and cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy [CARASIL]). The brain parenchymal consequences of MVD predominantly consist of lacunar infarcts (lacunes), microinfarcts, white matter disease of ageing and microhaemorrhages. MVD is characterised by substantial arteriolar neuropathology involving ubiquitous vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) abnormalities. Cerebral MVD is characterised by a wide variety of arteriolar injuries but only a limited number of parenchymal manifestations. We reason that the cerebral arteriole plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis of each type of MVD. Perturbations in signalling and function (i.e., changes in proliferation, apoptosis, phenotypic switch and migration of SMC) are prominent in the pathogenesis of cerebral MVD, making ‘cerebral angiomyopathy’ an appropriate term to describe the spectrum of pathologic abnormalities. The evidence suggests that the cerebral arteriole acts as both source and mediator of parenchymal injury in MVD.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Fang C, Magaki SD, Kim RC, Kalaria RN, Vinters HV, Fisher M

Publication type: Review

Publication status: Published

Journal: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology

Year: 2023

Volume: 49

Issue: 1

Print publication date: 01/02/2023

Online publication date: 23/12/2022

Acceptance date: 13/12/2022

ISSN (print): 0305-1846

ISSN (electronic): 1365-2990

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc

URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/nan.12875

DOI: 10.1111/nan.12875

PubMed id: 36564356

Data Access Statement: Not applicable.

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