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Formulation and Characterization of Double Emulsions W/O/W Stabilized by Two Natural Polymers with Two Manufacturing Processes (Comparative Study)

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Jie ZhangORCiD

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

Abstract

© 2024 by the authors.Four distinct types of multiple emulsions were synthesized using xanthan gum and pectin through two distinct manufacturing processes. The assessment encompassed the examination of morphology, stability, and rheological properties for the resulting water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions. Formulations were meticulously crafted with emulsifiers that were compatible with varying compositions. Remarkably stable multiple emulsions were achieved with a 0.5 wt% xanthan concentration, demonstrating resilience for nearly two months across diverse storage temperatures. In contrast, multiple emulsions formulated with a higher pectin concentration (2.75 wt%) exhibited instability within a mere three days. All multiple emulsions displayed shear-thinning behavior, characterized by a decline in apparent viscosity with escalating shear rates. Comparatively, multiple emulsions incorporating xanthan gum showcased elevated viscosity at low shear rates in contrast to those formulated with pectin. These results underscore the pivotal role of the stepwise process over the direct approach and emphasize the direct correlation between biopolymer concentration and emulsion stability. This present investigation demonstrated the potential use of pectin and xanthan gum as stabilizers of multiple emulsions with potential application in the pharmaceutical industry for the formulation of topical dosage forms.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Boudoukhani M, Yahoum MM, Ezzroug K, Toumi S, Lefnaoui S, Moulai-Mostefa N, Sid ANEH, Tahraoui H, Kebir M, Amrane A, Jaouadi B, Zhang J

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: ChemEngineering

Year: 2024

Volume: 8

Issue: 2

Print publication date: 01/04/2024

Online publication date: 14/03/2024

Acceptance date: 05/03/2024

Date deposited: 13/05/2024

ISSN (electronic): 2305-7084

Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)

URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering8020034

DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering8020034

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