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Preventing proximal enamel caries in neighboring tooth with glass ionomer cement restoration and silver diamine fluoride pretreatment

Lookup NU author(s): Professor Nicholas JakubovicsORCiD

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Abstract

© 2024 Elsevier Ltd. Objective: To investigate caries preventive effects of 38 % silver diamine fluoride (SDF) pretreatment on neighboring tooth proximal to glass ionomer cement (GIC), including conventional GIC (CGIC) and resin-modified GIC (RMGIC) restorations in an in vitro model. Methods: Human tooth blocks were restored with: SDF+CGIC (Group 1), CGIC (Group 2), SDF+RMGIC (Group 3) or RMGIC (Group 4). Enamel specimen simulating proximal surface of neighboring tooth was placed in proximity to the restorations. The specimen underwent cariogenic challenge with cross-kingdom biofilm of Streptococcus mutans, Lacticaseibacillus casei and Candida albicans. After cariogenic challenge, the biofilm's growth kinetics, viability, and morphology were evaluated by propidium monoazide-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PMA-qPCR), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The enamel lesion depth, surface morphology and crystal characteristics were determined by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), SEM and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Results: PMA-qPCR demonstrated lower microbial growth in Group 1 and 3 compared with Group 2 and 4 (p < 0.05). CLSM showed the dead−to-live ratio in Groups 1–4 were 1.15±0.12, 0.53±0.13, 1.10±0.24 and 0.63±0.10, respectively (Group 1,3 > 2,4, p < 0.05). SEM revealed Groups 1 and 3 had scattered biofilm whereas Group 2 and 4 had confluent biofilm. Micro-CT showed the enamel lesion depths (µm) were 98±9, 126±7, 103±6 and 128±7 for Group 1 to 4, respectively (Group 1,3 < 2,4, p < 0.05). SEM revealed oriented and ordered enamel prismatic patterns in Group 1 and 3, not in Group 2 and 4. XRD showed the reflections of hydroxyapatite in Groups 1 and 3 were sharper than Groups 2 and 4. Conclusion: SDF pretreatment enhances the preventive effect of GIC on proximal enamel surface on neighboring tooth through inhibiting cariogenic biofilm, reducing enamel demineralization and promoting enamel remineralization. Clinical significance: SDF pretreatment of GIC restorations can help prevent caries on neighboring teeth, particular for patients with high caries risk.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Ge KX, Jakubovics NS, Quock R, Lam WY-H, Chu C-H, Yu OY

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Journal of Dentistry

Year: 2024

Volume: 149

Print publication date: 01/10/2024

Online publication date: 16/08/2024

Acceptance date: 15/08/2024

ISSN (print): 0300-5712

ISSN (electronic): 1879-176X

Publisher: Elsevier Ltd

URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105312

DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105312

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