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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Maria-Valasia PeppaORCiD, Professor Jon MillsORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© Author(s) 2024.The Leica GS18i visual positioning system, introduced in 2021, uses 3D imaging to measure points beyond the reach of conventional GNSS receivers, such as building façades. By leveraging RTK and PPP GNSS capabilities, it enables continuous image acquisition during surveys. This study assessed its 3D geometric accuracy in both open and complex environments with poor GNSS signals. Two field tests at Vindolanda Roman Fort and Newcastle University’s Quadrangle Gateway served to evaluate processing results within the proprietary Leica Infinity and Agisoft Metashape. Results demonstrated 3D RMSEs of ca 3.5 cm in RTK mode without GCPs and 2.5 cm when all images are triangulated with a single GCP. The system achieved consistent cm-level accuracy and precision under challenging conditions with sufficient initial GNSS RTK image orientation. Comparative analyses with Canon DSLR datasets highlighted the GS18i system’s efficiency, though software differences emerged.
Author(s): Peppa MV, Morelli L, Remondino F, Mills JP
Publication type: Conference Proceedings (inc. Abstract)
Publication status: Published
Conference Name: Optical 3D Metrology (O3DM)
Year of Conference: 2024
Pages: 97-104
Online publication date: 13/12/2024
Acceptance date: 02/04/2024
Date deposited: 15/04/2025
ISSN: 1682-1750
Publisher: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
URL: https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W7-2024-97-2024
DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W7-2024-97-2024
Series Title: International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives
