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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Anne ArchibaldORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.Based on the rate of change of its orbital period, PSR J2043+1711 has a substantial peculiar acceleration of 3.5 ± 0.8 mm s-1 yr-1, which deviates from the acceleration predicted by equilibrium Milky Way (MW) models at a 4σ level. The magnitude of the peculiar acceleration is too large to be explained by disequilibrium effects of the MW interacting with orbiting dwarf galaxies (∼1 mm s-1 yr-1), and too small to be caused by period variations due to the pulsar being a redback. We identify and examine two plausible causes for the anomalous acceleration: a stellar flyby, and a long-period orbital companion. We identify a main-sequence star in Gaia DR3 and Pan-STARRS DR2 with the correct mass, distance, and on-sky position to potentially explain the observed peculiar acceleration. However, the star and the pulsar system have substantially different proper motions, indicating that they are not gravitationally bound. However, it is possible that this is an unrelated star that just happens to be located near J2043+1711 along our line of sight (chance probability of 1.6%). Therefore, we also constrain possible orbital parameters for a circumbinary companion in a hierarchical triple system with J2043+1711; the changes in the spindown rate of the pulsar are consistent with an outer object that has an orbital period of 60 kyr, a companion mass of 0.3 M⊙ (indicative of a white dwarf or low-mass star), and a semimajor axis of 1900 au. Continued timing and/or future faint optical observations of J2043+1711 may eventually allow us to differentiate between these scenarios.
Author(s): Donlon T, Chakrabarti S, Lam MT, Huber D, Hey D, Ramirez-Ruiz E, Shappee B, Kaplan DL, Agazie G, Anumarlapudi A, Archibald AM, Arzoumanian Z, Baker PT, Brook PR, Cromartie HT, Crowter K, DeCesar ME, Demorest PB, Dolch T, Ferrara EC, Fiore W, Fonseca E, Freedman GE, Garver-Daniels N, Gentile PA, Glaser J, Good DC, Hazboun JS, Huber M, Jennings RJ, Jones ML, Kerr M, Lorimer DR, Luo J, Lynch RS, McEwen A, McLaughlin MA, McMann N, Meyers BW, Ng C, Nice DJ, Pennucci TT, Perera BBP, Pol NS, Radovan HA, Ransom SM, Ray PS, Schmiedekamp A, Schmiedekamp C, Shapiro-Albert BJ, Stairs IH, Stovall K, Susobhanan A, Swiggum JK, Tucker MA, Wahl HM
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Astrophysical Journal
Year: 2025
Volume: 983
Issue: 1
Print publication date: 10/04/2025
Online publication date: 07/04/2025
Acceptance date: 10/03/2025
Date deposited: 24/04/2025
ISSN (print): 0004-637X
ISSN (electronic): 1538-4357
Publisher: Institute of Physics
URL: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adbf90
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/adbf90
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