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Lookup NU author(s): Elias Hasan, Dr Piergiorgio GentileORCiD, Dr Ana Ferreira-DuarteORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Skin wound management remains a critical global healthcare challenge, with annual costs exceeding £30 billion. Traditional treatments like autografts face limitations in cost, availability, and recovery times. This review explores spray-assisted Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technology as a transformative approach for wound healing, emphasising its ability to deposit natural- and synthetic-polyelectrolytes such as chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid, and collagen into nanoscale coatings. These biocompatible multilayers integrate therapeutic agents to accelerate healing, reduce infections, and mimic native extracellular matrix structures. The work highlights emerging spray device innovations that optimise spray parameters to enhance cell viability, coverage, and clinical outcomes. While LbL techniques demonstrate versatility across substrates and scalability via immersion, spray, and microfluidic methods, challenges persist in manufacturing uniformity and clinical translation. The review underscores the urgent need for clinical trials to validate Lbl-based coatings in real-world settings and addresses gaps in portable, sustainable device development. By bridging advanced materials science with clinical practice, spray-assisted LbL technology offers a roadmap to overcome current wound care limitations, prioritising biocompatibility, cost-efficiency, and improved patient safety in regenerative medicine.
Author(s): Hasan E, Lewis CJ, Hernandez JG, Gentile P, Ferreira AM
Publication type: Review
Publication status: Published
Journal: RSC Advances
Year: 2025
Volume: 15
Issue: 18
Pages: 13908-13923
Online publication date: 29/04/2025
Acceptance date: 28/03/2025
ISSN (electronic): 2046-2069
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
URL: https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ra08115c
DOI: 10.1039/d4ra08115c
Data Access Statement: No primary research results, software or code have been included and no new data were generated or analysed as part of this review.
