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Lookup NU author(s): Professor Lynn RochesterORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© 2025 by the authors.Highlights: What are the main findings? Clinical lower limb assessments (both subjective and objective) were more discriminative in differentiating between the four PFF recovery groups in older adults. Older adults in the acute proximal femoral fracture recovery group demonstrated lower physical activity intensity compared to those in later recovery groups, with the differences being more pronounced for shorter-duration MX metrics (M1–M5). What is the implication of the main finding? The cut-point free method (e.g., MX metrics) is useful for measuring the physical activity magnitude of older adults recovering from proximal femoral fractures. Higher lower limb capacity and perception outcomes were strongly correlated with greater daily activity intensity, particularly in older adults at later stages of proximal femoral fracture recovery. Wearable and lightweight devices facilitate real-world physical activity (PA) assessments. MX metrics, as a cut-point-free parameter, evaluate acceleration above which the most active X minutes are accumulated. It provides insights into the intensity of PA over specific durations. This study evaluated the association of MX metrics and clinical tests in older adults recovering from proximal femoral fracture (PFF). Analyses were conducted on the PFF cohort from the baseline assessment of the Mobilise-D project using an accelerometer-based device. Participants (N = 396) were categorized into four recovery groups: acute, post-acute, extended recovery, and long-term recovery. Mobility capacity was assessed through the 6 min walking test (6MinWT), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), 4-m walking test (4MWT), and hand grip (HG) strength. Mobility perception was evaluated using the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI). Eight MX metrics (M1–M90) were calculated using the GGIR package in R. Results showed a moderate to strong positive correlation between M1 and M30 and lower limb mobility capacity tests and mobility perception (Lower Extremity domains) particularly in the extended and long-term recovery groups. MX metrics can be used for measuring PA intensity among older adults recovering from PFF. Hence, MX metrics have a high potential for clinical use as personalized PA targets in PFF rehabilitation.
Author(s): Younesian H, Singleton D, Vereijken B, Garcia-Aymerich J, Rochester L, Aursand Berge M, Engdal M, Buekers J, Koch S, Helbostad JL, Alvarez P, Jansen C-P, Aminian K, Paraschiv-Ionescu A, Becker C, Caulfield B
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Sensors
Year: 2025
Volume: 25
Issue: 8
Print publication date: 01/04/2025
Online publication date: 18/04/2025
Acceptance date: 10/04/2025
Date deposited: 19/05/2025
ISSN (electronic): 1424-8220
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/s25082557
DOI: 10.3390/s25082557
Data Access Statement: The data in this study is not currently available outside the Mobilise-D consortium. However, the Mobilise-D consortium is currently planning a public data release for late 2025, which will be available on the Mobilise-D Zenodo page: https://zenodo.org/communities/mobilise-d.
PubMed id: 40285246
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