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Lookup NU author(s): Professor Francisco FigueiredoORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© The Author(s) 2025. This narrative review explores the pathophysiology of ocular surface inflammation and highlights the therapeutic potential of patch amniotic membrane transplantation (patch-AMT) in ocular surface repair. Disruptions in ocular surface homeostasis caused by trauma, disease, or immune dysregulation trigger an inflammatory cascade that, if unresolved, can impair epithelial healing, lead to fibrosis, corneal haze, and vision loss. Patch-AMT provides a biological intervention with epitheliotropic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-angiogenic, and neuroprotective effects that support wound healing, regulate inflammation, and reduce pain. The review examines patch-AMT’s role in acute conditions (chemical burns, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome) and chronic disease (persistent epithelial defects, dry eye disease), focusing on its ability to entrap immune cells, regulate cytokine signaling, and prevent fibrotic remodeling while releasing trophic proteins. Additionally, this review explores how preservation methods, application orientation, and intervention timing influences patch-AMT’s efficacy. Recent advancements in non-surgical application methods have expanded accessibility, enabling earlier intervention and outpatient use. However, variability in clinical protocols emphasize the need for standardized guidelines. The review concludes by highlighting the need for further research to refine treatment timing, optimize repeat application strategies, and evaluate cost-effectiveness. While patch-AMT remains underutilized, growing evidence underscores its potential to improve clinical outcomes, particularly when applied early in disease progression.
Author(s): Hopkinson A, Figueiredo FC
Publication type: Review
Publication status: Published
Journal: Ophthalmology and Therapy
Year: 2025
Volume: 14
Pages: 1385-1409
Print publication date: 01/07/2025
Online publication date: 14/05/2025
Acceptance date: 04/04/2025
ISSN (print): 2193-8245
ISSN (electronic): 2193-6528
Publisher: Adis
URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-025-01143-w
DOI: 10.1007/s40123-025-01143-w
Data Access Statement: This article is based on previously published data and does not include any new data generated or analyzed by the authors. No datasets were created or analyzed for this study.
