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Geophysical Survey and Monitoring of Transportation Infrastructure Slopes (TISs): A Review

Lookup NU author(s): Rosa Maleki, Dr Jessica HolmesORCiD, Dr Ross StirlingORCiD

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).


Abstract

This review examines the application of the geophysical methods for Transportation Infrastructure Slope Monitoring (TISM). In contrast to existing works, which address geophysical methods for natural landslide monitoring, this study focuses on their application to infrastructure assets. It addresses the key aspects regarding the geophysical methods most employed, the subsurface properties revealed, and the design of monitoring systems, including sensor deployment. It evaluates the benefits and challenges associated with each geophysical approach, explores the potential for integrating geophysical techniques with other methods, and identifies the emerging technologies. Geophysical techniques such as Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW), and Fiber Optic Cable (FOC) have proven effective in monitoring slope stability and detecting subsurface features, including soil moisture dynamics, slip surfaces, and material heterogeneity. Both temporary and permanent monitoring setups have been used, with increasing interest in real-time monitoring solutions. The integration of advanced technologies like Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), UAV-mounted sensors, and artificial intelligence (AI) promises to enhance the resolution, accessibility, and predictive capabilities of slope monitoring systems. The review concludes with recommendations for future research, emphasizing the need for integrated monitoring frameworks that combine geophysical data with real-time analysis to improve the safety and efficiency of transportation infrastructure management.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Maleki ZR, Wilkinson P, Chambers J, Donohue S, Holmes JL, Stirling R

Publication type: Review

Publication status: Published

Journal: Geosciences

Year: 2025

Volume: 15

Issue: 6

Online publication date: 12/06/2025

Acceptance date: 04/05/2025

ISSN (electronic): 2076-3263

Publisher: MDPI

URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences15060220

DOI: 10.3390/geosciences15060220


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