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C60-based ionic salt electron shuttle for high-performance inverted perovskite solar modules

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Zhongjin Shen, Professor Marina FreitagORCiD

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Abstract

Although buckminsterfullerene (C60) is usually the electron transport layer (ETL) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), its molecular nature leads to weak interfaces that result in nonideal interfacial electronic and mechanical degradation. In this study, we synthesized an ionic salt from C60, 4-(1',5'-dihydro-1'-methyl-2'H-[5,6] fullereno-C60-Ih-[1,9-c]pyrrol-2'-yl) phenylmethanaminium chloride (CPMAC), and used it as the electron shuttle in inverted PSCs. The CH2-NH3+ head group in the CPMA cation improved the ETL interface, and the ionic nature enhanced the packing, leading to a ~threefold increase in the interfacial toughness compared with that of C60. Using CPMAC, we obtained ~26% power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) with ~2% degradation after 2100 hours of 1-sun operation at 65°C. For minimodules (four subcells, 6 square centimeters), we achieved a PCE of ~23% with <9% degradation after 2200 hours of operation at 55°C.

Publication metadata

Author(s): You S, Zhu H, Shen Z, Wang X, Shao B, Wang Q, Lu J, Yuan Y, Dou BD, Sanehira EM, Russell T, Lorenz A, Dong Y, Chen L, Casareto M, Rolston N, Beard MC, Berry JJ, Freitag M, Yan Y, Bakr OM, Zhu K

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Science

Year: 2025

Volume: 388

Issue: 6750

Pages: 964-968

Print publication date: 29/05/2025

Online publication date: 17/04/2025

Acceptance date: 01/04/2025

ISSN (print): 0036-8075

ISSN (electronic): 1095-9203

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

URL: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adv4701

DOI: 10.1126/science.adv4701

PubMed id: 40245190

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