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Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: minimum standards

Lookup NU author(s): Professor Stuart McPhersonORCiD

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Abstract

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rapidly growing cause of cancer-related deaths in the UK, with early detection being critical for improving survival rates. Despite clear guidelines recommending 6-monthly surveillance for at-risk populations, participation remains low, with an estimated 20% of eligible patients attending regular surveillance. This guidance outlines the minimum standards for delivering effective HCC surveillance, emphasising the need for integrated patient tracking, digital call-recall systems and a multifaceted approach to engagement. Combining ultrasound with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) improves detection rates, though AFP alone is insufficient due to its variability. The recommendations aim to increase surveillance adherence, enhance early diagnosis and ultimately improve outcomes for patients at risk of HCC.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Sharma R, Aravinthan AD, Qurashi M, Stenberg B, Marshall A, Hollywood C, Macdonald D, Foster GR, Rowe IA, Franklin J, Patel J, Caddick K, Jones RL, Hebditch V, Cross TJS, Walsh M, McPherson S

Publication type: Review

Publication status: Published

Journal: Frontline Gastroenterology

Year: 2025

Pages: Epub ahead of print

Online publication date: 05/06/2025

Acceptance date: 29/03/2025

ISSN (print): 2041-4137

ISSN (electronic): 2041-4145

Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group

URL: https://doi.org/10.1136/flgastro-2024-102907

DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2024-102907

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