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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Mariya Antyufeyeva, Dr Victor Pacheco PenaORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
The introduction of time as a new degree of freedom to control wave-matter interactions has opened alternative avenues to fully control wave propagation in four dimensions (x,y,z,t). Time interfaces (rapid changes of the constitutive relationships of the medium where a wave propagates) have recently become popular, as they are the temporal analogue of spatial interfaces. While recent groundbreaking experimental work has demonstrated time interfaces from water waves, microwaves, and the optical regime, rapidly changing, for instance, the permittivity of the medium requires carefully engineered structures. Here, we study the possibility of implementing smooth temporal transitions of the permittivity and permeability of the medium (while considering time-independent impedance) to mimic the response of the time-refracted waves produced by photonic time interfaces. It is shown that indeed, as long as the signal is inside the structure during the modulation time, there are some values of rising or falling time of the smooth modulation that enable a full approximate emulation of time refraction. These results may open further avenues to explore by relaxing the speed at which the time modulation should be introduced when designing four-dimensional media.
Author(s): Antyufeyeva M, Pacheco-Peña V
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Physical Review Applied
Year: 2025
Volume: 24
Pages: 034004-1-19
Print publication date: 02/09/2025
Online publication date: 02/09/2025
Acceptance date: 08/07/2025
Date deposited: 08/09/2025
ISSN (electronic): 2331-7019
Publisher: American Physical Society
URL: https://doi.org/10.1103/s296-5yrq
DOI: 10.1103/s296-5yrq
Data Access Statement: The data that support the findings of this article are not publicly available. The data are available from the authors upon reasonable request
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