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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Elisabetta Arca
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© 2025 The Authors.Utilizing layered perovskites (LPKs) to passivate the surface of perovskite materials is a successful strategy that currently yields state-of-the-art record-breaking devices. Nevertheless, it is not clear what happens to the LPK once other layers are processed on top. Furthermore, these LPKs can provide benefits in both p-type-intrinsic-n-type (P-I-N) and its inverted n-type-intrinsic-p-type (N-I-P) perovskite solar cell configuration, despite significant differences in their processing. In this work, we propose that this occurs due to a convergent optimization pathway, due to the thinning down and dissolution of the LPK during the deposition of subsequent layers. Here, we use X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to demonstrate that for most of the “processing window” employed in the literature, the LPK is severely disrupted by the deposition of charge extraction layers. Indeed, the observation of highly crystalline layers via XRD correlates with a significant reduction in short-circuit current in solar cells, counteracting any other benefits.
Author(s): Giza M, Angus FJ, Yiu WK, McRoberts M, Vella B, Wang J, Djurisic AB, Cooke G, Arca E, Docampo P
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Cell Reports Physical Science
Year: 2025
Volume: 6
Issue: 10
Online publication date: 06/10/2025
Acceptance date: 14/09/2025
Date deposited: 03/11/2025
ISSN (electronic): 2666-3864
Publisher: Cell Press
URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2025.102890
DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2025.102890
Data Access Statement: All experimental data supporting this article have been included as part of the supplemental information. The custom code used to analyze solar cell data will be shared by the lead contact upon request. Any additional information required to re-analyze the data reported in this paper is available from the lead contact upon request.
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