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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Rachel Taylor
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND).
© The Author(s) 2025. Background: Precision prevention involves tailoring interventions to the unique characteristics of a group or individual to maximize their effectiveness. In this study, we examined the role of participant characteristics in the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions to optimize gestational weight gain (GWG). Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, and PubMed, from inception up to March 2025, to identify randomized and non-randomized controlled trials of lifestyle interventions (diet, physical activity, or combined) commencing before or during pregnancy. Participant characteristics, including age, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), employment status, fasting low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were assessed. Mean differences (MD) in GWG were pooled using the random-effect model. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were conducted by participant characteristics (e.g., BMI). Results: A total of 86 studies with 28,270 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. All lifestyle intervention types significantly reduced GWG. Combined lifestyle interventions initiated at first (MD −0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.28, −0.07) and early second (13–17 weeks) trimester (MD −0.83; 95% CI: −1.46, −0.20) provide better effectiveness in optimizing GWG. Diet-only interventions significantly reduced GWG only in participants with normal BMI (MD −1.33 kg; CI: −1.75, −1.91) compared to the other BMI categories. Combined diet and physical activity interventions reduce excessive GWG in women with higher baseline HDL-C (β −0.04; 95% CI −0.06, −0.01). Conclusions: Lifestyle interventions reduced excessive GWG, with possible differential effects by intervention initiation time, BMI, and HDL-C. Future studies should consider physiological as well as social characteristics, in line with a holistic framework for precision medicine.
Author(s): Grieger JA, Takele WW, Vesco KK, Redman LM, Hannah W, Bonham MP, Chen M, Chivers SC, Fawcett AJ, Habibi N, Liu K, Mekonnen EG, Pathirana M, Quinteros A, Taylor R, Ukke GG, Ukke GG, Zhou SJ, Franks PW, Rich SS, Wagner R, Vilsboll T, Udler MS, Tuomi T, Sweeting A, Sims EK, Sherr JL, Semple RK, Reynolds RM, Redondo MJ, Pratley RE, Pop-Busui R, Pollin TI, Perng W, Pearson ER, Ozanne SE, Owen KR, Oram R, Murphy R, Mohan V, Misra S, Meigs JB, Mathioudakis N, Mathieu C, Ma RCW, Loos RJF, Laffel LM, Kwak SH, Josefson JL, Hood KK, Hivert M-F, Hirsch IB, Hattersley AT, Griffin K, Greeley SAW, Gottlieb PA, Gomez MF, Gloyn AL, Florez JC, Dennis JM, Costacou T, Boyle K, Billings LK, Brown RJ, Philipson LH, Nolan JJ, Eckel RH, Sherifali D, Mixter E, Gruber C, Fawcett AJ, de Souza R, Auh S, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Saint-Martin C, Provenzano M, Pomares-Millan H, Njolstad PR, Nakabuye M, Molnes J, McGovern A, Maloney KA, Flanagan SE, de Franco E, Aukrust I, Polak M, Beltrand J, Zhang Y, Yu G, White SL, Hannah W, Wentworth JM, Vatier C, Van der Schueren B, Urazbayeva M, Tye SC, Stoy J, Stefan N, Steck AK, Steenackers N, Stanislawski MA, Speake C, Sheu WH-H, Selvin E, Scholtens DM, Monaco GSF, Sarkar S, Kanbour S, Santhakumar V, Saeed Z, Ried-Larsen M, Ray D, Jain R, Powe CE, Petrie JR, Perez D, Pazmino S, Pankow JS, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Motala AA, Morton RW, Lowe WL, Long SA, Libman IM, Leung GKW, Leong A, Koivula RW, Jones AG, Johnson RK, Hoag B, Ismail HM, Harris-Kawano A, Huang C, Hansen T, Guasch-Ferre M, Grieger JA, Goodarzi MO, Gitelman SE, Fitzpatrick SL, Fitipaldi H, Fernandez-Balsells MM, Evans-Molina C, Dudenhoffer-Pfeifer M, DiMeglio LA, Dickens LT, Deutsch AJ, Dawed AY, Dabelea D, Clemmensen C, Chivers SC, Chikowore T, Cheng F, Chen M, Andersen MK, Amouyal C, Young K, Yamamoto JM, Wong JJ, Wang CC, Wallace AS, Tosur M, Thuesen ACB, Tam CH-T, Svalastoga P, Sevilla-Gonzalez M, Semnani-Azad Z, Schon M, Rooney MR, Raghavan S, Prystupa K, Pilla SJ, Patel KA, Ozkan B, Naylor RN, Most J, Morieri ML, Miller RG, Mclennan N-M, Massey R, Mannisto JME, Lim L-L, Kreienkamp RJ, Kettunen JLT, Kahkoska AR, Jacobsen LM, Ikle JM, Hughes A, Haider E, Gaillard R, Gingras V, Gillard P, Francis EC, Felton JL, Duan D, Cromer SJ, Corcoy R, Colclough K, Clark AL, Bodhini D, Benham JL, Aiken C, Ahmad A, Merino J, Tobias DK, Josefson J, Lim S, Lim S
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Communications Medicine
Year: 2025
Volume: 5
Online publication date: 24/10/2025
Acceptance date: 18/07/2025
Date deposited: 27/11/2025
ISSN (electronic): 2730-664X
Publisher: Springer Nature
URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-01049-5
DOI: 10.1038/s43856-025-01049-5
Data Access Statement: All data used to produce this study were gathered from published studies. The list of included studies is available in Supplementary Data [https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-025-01049-5#Sec19]. All other relevant data that support the study’s findings are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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