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What is ‘Spiritual Health’? A Survey of Social Prescribers in the United Kingdom

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Orla Whitehead, Professor Amy O'DonnellORCiD, Professor Barbara HanrattyORCiD

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).


Abstract

© The Author(s) 2025.Social prescribing aims to provide holistic care to patients beyond that offered in consultations with clinical health professionals. Support may be directed at many aspects of health and well-being, including spiritual health. Spiritual health is known to be associated with many other physical, mental and rehabilitation health outcomes. How social prescribers define and understand ‘spiritual health’ is unknown. In this survey, we aim to explore what UK social prescribers understand by the term “spiritual health.” We asked social prescribers: ‘what does spiritual health mean to you?’ Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics. Free text data were subject to deductive thematic analysis using a priori themes from the literature on definitions of spiritual health. One hundred and seventy-one social prescribing link workers participated; 153 gave a definition of spiritual health. Twice as many participants described themselves as spiritual than described themselves as religious. Definitions of spiritual health fell into three themes: 1. A sense of self, peace, meaning and purpose; 2. Connections to others, the world, or a deity; 3. Spiritual or religious practice. Spiritual health appears to be a term with meaning to UK social prescribers, distinct from religiosity. Use of this ‘working definition’ of spiritual health will allow further research into how spiritual health fits within social prescribing in the UK to move forwards.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Whitehead IO, O'Donnell A, Hanratty B

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Journal of Religion and Health

Year: 2025

Pages: epub ahead of print

Online publication date: 14/11/2025

Acceptance date: 25/10/2025

Date deposited: 24/11/2025

ISSN (print): 0022-4197

ISSN (electronic): 1573-6571

Publisher: Springer

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-025-02488-z

DOI: 10.1007/s10943-025-02488-z

Data Access Statement: Data are saved on Newcastle University secure servers and may be available in negotiation with the first author. While participants were not consented to allow public sharing of this data, data are available upon reasonable request to the authors


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