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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Annachiara ScalzoneORCiD, Dr Piergiorgio GentileORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© 2025 Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Extrusion-based three-dimensional bioprinting is a widely used technique for fabricating cell-laden constructs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the mechanical stresses experienced by cells during the printing process can negatively affect their viability. This study examines the influence of nozzle geometry—specificallycontractionangleandoutletdiameter—onstressdistribution and its effects on cell survival. Through a combination of experimental analysis and theoretical modeling, the impacts of nozzle design on the balance between shear and extensional stresses during bioprinting are explored. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing nozzle parameters to minimize mechanical damage and enhance post-printing cell viability. The proposed model provides a framework for guiding nozzle design, offering insights into the development of customized bioprinting strategies that enhance construct fidelity and biological functionality. These results contribute to advancing bioprinting techniques for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Author(s): Lombardi L, Scalzone A, Ausilio C, Gentile P, Tammaro D
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: International Journal of Bioprinting
Year: 2025
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Pages: 315-327
Online publication date: 16/06/2025
Acceptance date: 16/06/2025
Date deposited: 01/12/2025
ISSN (print): 2424-8002
ISSN (electronic): 2424-7723
Publisher: AccScience Publishing
URL: https://doi.org/10.36922/IJB025190182
DOI: 10.36922/IJB025190182
Data Access Statement: Data are available upon request via lorenzo.lombardi@ unina.it and annachiara.scalzone@iit.it
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