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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Fabrice StephensonORCiD, Professor Pip MooreORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND).
© The Author(s) 2025.Summarising CBD target 3 to “30 × 30” emphasizes area coverage, but conservation success depends on MPA quality. Many existing MPAs are under-protected, and rapidly designating new areas risks creating ‘paper parks’ without ecological or social benefits. Prioritizing strictly or fully managed MPAs, supported by a clear and shared definition, is essential to achieve meaningful biodiversity outcomes. Quality-focused strategies ensure that global targets benefit both nature and people, rather than merely meeting numerical goals. (Figure presented.)
Author(s): Stephenson F, Horta e Costa B, Addamo AM, Bueno P, Costello MJ, Dudley N, Eskuche-Keith PA, Fox HE, Gill D, Gordo-Vilaseca C, Grorud-Colvert K, Klein C, Moore PJ, Morgan LE, Nalven KB, Paredes F, Pike EP, Rao M, Sullivan-Stack J, Weiskel HSW, Wenzel L, Wells S, Claudet J
Publication type: Note
Publication status: Published
Journal: NPJ Ocean Sustainability
Year: 2025
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Online publication date: 28/11/2025
Acceptance date: 12/11/2025
ISSN (electronic): 2731-426X
Publisher: Springer Nature
URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s44183-025-00169-8
DOI: 10.1038/s44183-025-00169-8
Data Access Statement: No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
