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OpenUniverse2024: A shared, simulated view of the sky for the next generation of cosmological surveys

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Niko Šarčević

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).


Abstract

© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.The OpenUniverse2024 simulation suite is a cross-collaboration effort to produce matched simulated imaging for multiple surveys as they would observe a common simulated sky. Both the simulated data and associated tools used to produce it are intended to uniquely enable a wide range of studies to maximize the science potential of the next generation of cosmological surveys. We have produced simulated imaging for approximately 70 deg of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Wide-Fast-Deep survey and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope High-Latitude Wide-Area Survey, as well as overlapping versions of the ELAIS-S1 Deep-Drilling Field for LSST and the High-Latitude Time-Domain Survey for Roman. OpenUniverse2024 includes (i) an early version of the updated extragalactic model called Diffsky, which substantially improves the realism of optical and infrared photometry of objects, compared to previous versions of these models; (ii) updated transient models that extend through the wavelength range probed by Roman and Rubin; and (iii) improved survey, telescope, and instrument realism based on up-to-date survey plans and known properties of the instruments. It is built on a new and updated suite of simulation tools that improves the ease of consistently simulating multiple observatories viewing the same sky. The approximately 400 TB of synthetic survey imaging and simulated universe catalogs are publicly available, and we preview some scientific uses of the simulations.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Alarcon A, Aldoroty L, Beltz-Mohrmann G, Bera A, Blazek J, Bogart J, Braeunlich G, Broughton A, Cao K, Chiang J, Chisari NE, Desai V, Fang Y, Galbany L, Hearin A, Heitmann K, Hirata C, Hounsell R, Jain B, Jarvis M, Jencson J, Kannawadi A, Kasliwal MK, Kessler R, Kiessling A, Knop R, Kovacs E, Laher R, Laliotis K, Lin C, Lopes I, Macbeth E, Mahabal A, Mandelbaum R, Masiero J, Mau S, Meehan C, Meyers J, Moraes B, Paladini R, Pearl A, Malagon AP, Rose B, Rubin D, Rusholme B, Santos A, Sarcevic N, Scolnic D, Singhal J, Troxel MA, Van Alfen N, Van Dyke S, Walter CW, Wu T, Yamamoto M, Yan L, Zhang T

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Year: 2025

Volume: 544

Issue: 4

Pages: 3799-3823

Print publication date: 01/12/2025

Online publication date: 23/10/2025

Acceptance date: 16/10/2025

Date deposited: 16/12/2025

ISSN (print): 0035-8711

ISSN (electronic): 1365-2966

Publisher: Oxford University Press

URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1833

DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staf1833

Data Access Statement: The data underlying this article are available through the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive (IRSA) at https://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/theory/openuniverse2024/overview.html.23 The transient models are also available through Zenodo at https://zenodo.org/records/14749318.


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Funding

Funder referenceFunder name
DE-AC02-06CH11357
DE-AC02-76SF00515
Department of Energy
Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
JPL Contract Task 70–711320
LSST Discovery Alliance
NASA
Science & Technology Facilities Council
U.S. Department of Energy

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