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Lookup NU author(s): Kamran Awan, Dr Mohammed ElgendyORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
Photovoltaic (PV) systems are increasingly popular because of decreasing prices and increasing efficiencies, enabling applications such as vehicle integrated photovoltaics (VIPVs) and building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs). The performance of VIPVs is strongly affected by dynamic partial shading conditions due to vehicle movement in urban environments surrounded by buildings and trees. It is therefore important to develop technical solutions to optimize the performance of VIPVs by finding optimal electrical connections among cells to mitigate the shading effects and increase the power output. Building on previously published simulation analyses of Series-Parallel (SP), Total-Cross-Tied (TCT), Bridge Link (BL) and Honeycomb (HC) interconnection topologies, this paper presents a mathematical model and experimental comparative analysis using a PV array of 30 solar cells. The experiments are conducted using a flasher Spire Sun Simulator 5100 SLP emulating uniform solar irradiance under STC in addition to seven different partial shading scenarios. Experimental results show that the TCT interconnection outperforms the other interconnection schemes, delivering up to 21%, 8%, and 14% higher power output than SP, BL, and HC, respectively, under different shading scenarios. These results agree well with the simulation outcomes.
Author(s): Awan KS, Elgendy MA, Miklic Z, Ali A, Jankovec M
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: IEEE Access
Year: 2025
Volume: 13
Pages: 213416-213428
Online publication date: 15/12/2025
Acceptance date: 09/12/2025
Date deposited: 06/01/2026
ISSN (electronic): 2169-3536
Publisher: IEEE
URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3644180
DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3644180
Data Access Statement: The data associated with this research work can be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.25405/data.ncl.30842954
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